use your cortex!
These thick folds increase the surface area of the cerebrum.
Gyri
List the meninges from outermost to innermost
dura, arachnoid, Pia mater
This cranial nerve is purely sensory for vision.
Optic nerve (CN II)
The ANS primarily controls what
smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and Glands
All preganglionic neurons release this neurotransmitter.
Acetylcholine (ACh)
This deep groove separates the two cerebral hemispheres.
Longitudinal cerebral fissure
CSF is produced by this structure.
Choroid plexus
This nerve has three major branches: ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular.
Trigeminal (CN V)
The sympathetic division is also known as this division.
Thoracolumbar division
Nicotinic receptors are found on all ________ neurons in autonomic ganglia.
Postganglionic
Gray matter contains neuron cell bodies; white matter contains primarily these structures.
Axon tracts
CSF is reabsorbed into circulation via these structures.
Arachnoid granulations
Bell palsy is caused by inflammation of this nerve.
Facial nerve (CN VII)
In the ANS, signals require two neurons. What are they?
preganglionic and Postganglionic
NE is released by almost all sympathetic postganglionic neurons and binds ________ receptors.
Adrenergic receptors
This midbrain structure pigmented with melanin degenerates in Parkinson’s disease.
Substantia nigra
This structure connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles.
Cerebral aqueduct
The only cranial nerve that innervates contralaterally (opposite side).
Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
One preganglionic sympathetic neuron can excite multiple postganglionic neurons, a process called
Neuronal divergence
Sympathetic responses last longer because this neurotransmitter is broken down slowly.
Norepinephrine (NE)
The arbor vitae refers to this specific part of the cerebellum.
Branching white matter
The blood-brain barrier is formed by endothelial tight junctions induced by these glial cells.
Astrocytes
This nerve provides the majority of parasympathetic output to thoracic & abdominal organs.
Vagus nerve (CN X)
Denervation hypersensitivity causes visceral effectors to respond to stimuli in this exaggerated way.
Overreact / increased sensitivity
These receptors (α₁ and α₂) are generally excitatory.
Alpha-adrenergic receptors