Normal Physiology
What is the phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart muscle is relaxed, allowing most coronary blood flow to occur?
Diastole
What does infarction mean?
Death of tissue
Identify at least 3 symptoms of myocardial infarction
Prolonged chest pain, often radiating to the left arm; nausea; vomiting; sweating; weakness; and shortness of breath
SEP can reduce the damage caused by events like heart attacks or reduced blood flow before long-term structural and functional changes occur.
True
What are the 2 main arteries that arise from the base of the aorta to supply oxygenated blood to the myocardium?
left coronary artery (LCA) and right coronary artery (RCA)
What is the primary cause of myocardial infarction?
atherosclerotic plaque, a build-up of deposits of fatty substances, cholesterol, cellular waste products, calcium, and fibrin on the artery walls
This treatment involves the surgical insertion of a balloon catheter to reopen a blocked coronary artery.
angioplasty (or percutaneous coronary intervention)
What is the immediate effect of exercise that provides short-term cardiovascular protection?
SEP
Approximately what percentage of the oxygen in coronary arterial blood is extracted by the heart during rest?
70-80%
What is hypoxia?
The condition in which tissues or organs are deprived of adequate oxygen supply to meet their metabolic needs.
This specific protein, detectable in blood tests, is the most reliable biomarker for diagnosing myocardial infarction.
What does exercise-induced mild oxidative stress produce to protect the heart?
Antioxidants