Show:
Atoms to acids
Motion
DNA
Sensitivity
Waves
100

A scientist observes that a substance tastes sour, reacts with metal to produce gas, and releases H⁺ ions in water. Based on these observations, which conclusion is most accurate?

The substance is an acid because it demonstrates all the characteristic properties of acids

100

In a tug-of-war competition, both teams pull with equal force on the rope. According to Newton's Third Law, what should happen?

Both teams experience equal and opposite forces, so the rope remains stationary if forces are truly equal

100

True or false: Phenotype is determined by an organism's genetic material.

True.

An organism’s phenotype (its observable characteristics) is determined by its genetic material, although environmental factors can also influence it.

100

What is a stimulus? Give one example.

  • A stimulus is a change in the environment that causes a response.
  • Example: bright light, heat, or sound.
100

State two differences between sound waves and light waves.

  • Sound waves are longitudinal, while light waves are transverse.
  • Sound needs a medium to travel through, while light can travel through a vacuum.
200

If you wanted to identify whether an unknown solution is strongly acidic, weakly acidic, or neutral, which tool would be most useful and why?

A universal indicator, because it shows color changes that reveal the strength of acidity or alkalinity

200

According to Newton's First Law of Motion, a soccer ball rolling across a field will eventually stop because:

Friction and air resistance are forces acting against the ball's motion

200

What is the molecule that contains the instructions for an organism's development and functioning?

DNA

200

Name the five main human senses and the organ linked to each sense.

  • Sight — eyes
  • Hearing — ears
  • Smell — nose
  • Taste — tongue
  • Touch — skin
200

Describe how sound waves travel through a medium.

  • Sound waves travel by particles vibrating back and forth.
  • The vibrations pass energy from particle to particle.
  • Sound travels through solids, liquids, and gases.
300

A base and an acid are mixed together in a beaker. The resulting solution is neutral and contains water and a salt. What does this tell us about the amounts of acid and base that were combined?

Equal or balanced amounts of acid and base were mixed together

300

A student pushes a shopping cart with a force of 50 Newtons, and the cart accelerates. If the student doubles the force to 100 Newtons while keeping the cart's mass the same, what will happen to the cart's acceleration according to Newton's Second Law?

The acceleration will double

300

How are genes, chromosomes, and DNA related in determining inherited traits?


  • DNA carries genetic information.
  • Genes are small sections of DNA.
  • Genes contain instructions for inherited traits, such as eye colour or hair type.
  • Chromosomes are long, coiled strands of DNA found in the nucleus of cells.
  • Many genes are found on each chromosome.
  • Chromosomes are passed from parents to offspring, which is how traits are inherited.



300

What is the difference between sensation and perception?

  • Sensation is the process of detecting stimuli from the environment using the sense organs.
  • Perception is the process of the brain interpreting and making sense of those sensations.
  • For example, your eyes detecting light is sensation, while recognising a face is perception.
300

Explain the difference between transverse and longitudinal waves.

  • In a transverse wave, the vibrations are perpendicular to the direction of travel.
  • In a longitudinal wave, the vibrations are parallel to the direction of travel.
  • Light waves are transverse, while sound waves are longitudinal. 
400

A student mixes vinegar (an acid) with baking soda (a base) and observes fizzing and the production of a new substance. How does this observation support the concept of neutralisation?

It demonstrates that when an acid and base combine, they produce new substances including water and a salt

400

A student measures the distance a paper airplane travels as 15 meters, but the airplane actually flies in a curved path that covers 18 meters. Why are these measurements different?

Distance measures the total path traveled, while displacement measures the straight-line change in position

400

Explain the difference between genotype and phenotype.

  • Genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism (the genes or alleles it has).
  • Phenotype is the observable characteristics of an organism, such as eye colour or height.
  • The genotype influences the phenotype.
  • Environmental factors can also affect the phenotype.
400

Explain how receptors help the body respond to changes in the environment.

  • Receptors detect stimuli such as light, sound, or temperature.
  • They send signals through nerves to the brain.
  • The brain processes the information and helps the body respond.
400

List the colours of visible light in order from longest wavelength to shortest wavelength.

  • Red
  • Orange
  • Yellow
  • Green
  • Blue
  • Indigo
  • Violet
500

When equal amounts of a strong acid and strong base are mixed, why does a solution become neutral?

The H⁺ and OH⁻ ions react in a 1:1 ratio to form water, leaving only a salt dissolved in water

500

Explain what Newton’s First Law of Motion says about the movement of an object.

An object stays still or keeps moving at a constant speed in a straight line unless an unbalanced force acts on it.

500

Describe what chromosomes are and explain their role in inheritance

  • Chromosomes are thread-like structures found in the nucleus of cells.
  • They are made of DNA.
  • Chromosomes contain genes, which carry genetic information.
  • Chromosomes are passed from parents to offspring and help determine inherited traits.
500

Describe the pathway of information from a sense organ to the brain.

  • A stimulus is detected by receptors in a sense organ.
  • The receptors send nerve impulses through sensory neurons.
  • The impulses travel to the brain.
  • The brain interprets the information and produces a response.
500

Explain why light can travel through space but sound cannot.

  • Light is an electromagnetic wave and does not need particles to transfer energy.
  • Sound needs particles in a medium to vibrate and transfer energy.
  • Space is a vacuum with no particles, so sound cannot travel through it.