Ruminant Digestive system
this is nicknamed many folds
omasum
two types of ways to break down nutrients
chemical: chemically breaking it down, (HCl, bile, enzymes, libase, peptidases)
mechanical: chewing and contractions
this nutrient has 16% nitrogen in it
protein
TND
total digestible nutrients
estimate of energy
example of protein feeds
SBM
fish meal
blood meal
distiller products
true stomach of the ruminant
abomasum
contents of the stomach
chyme (partially digested food + stomach acid)
HCl acid
mucus
enzymes (pepsin)
this much more energy is in fats compared to carbs
2.25x
energy is first used for
maintenance
ways of processing corn and their byproducts
wet - corn gluten & syrup
dry - distillers & ethanol
what is the Ph of the rumen
6
2 types of absorption
passive: movement of molecules from high concentrations to low concentrations
Active: villi engulf molecules, actively transporting them into the bloodstream or lymphatic system
deficiency of Ca
rickets
osteomalacia
ad libitum
all you want (buffet style)
what type of nutrient breakdown happens in the stomach
mechanical - contractions
chemical - HCl
function of the rumen & reticulum
rumen (lined with papillae).
reticulum (honeycomb structure)
digest cellulose
symbiotic relationship with microbes
this absorbs most of the water
large intestine
Vitamin A benefits
visual pigments in the eyes
important for your eyes
maintains body lining
this is the percent of your cost that goes towards feed stuffs
60-70%
veins vs arteries
veins - to the heart
arteries - away from the heart
this is the esophageal groove
milk bypasses rumen and is shuttled to the abomasum in a nursing ruminant
the sphincter that divides the stomach and small intestine
pyloric sphincter
3 most limiting amino acids
lysine
methionine
tryptophan
hypertrophy vs hyperplasia
hypertrophy - increase in size of fibers
hyperplasia - increase in number of fibers
how is a ruminants mouth different from a monogastric
teeth and lips