Show:
Athersclerosis
Angina
MI
DX & TX
Wild
100
Three non-modifiable risk factors for AS
What are age, gender, race, family hx
100
The pathophysiology of angina pectoris
What is a significant obstruction of a major coronary artery: it is often a warning sign of an impending MI. a narrowing/blockage (partial) does not allow oxygenated blood to reach cardiac muscle. As the tissue is deprived of oxygen, angina chest pain occurs. As the patient rests, the heart's demand for O2 decreases and the pain is relieved.
100
The most accurate biomarker for cardiac specific heart damage.
What is troponin - protein released only when myocardial damage occurs. Begins to increase 3-12 hours after onset of sx, peak 24-48 hours. Returns to baseline over 5-14 days.
100
Three nursing interventions that must be completed prior to a cardiac catheterization
What are: pt education regarding procedure, consent, allergy to shellfish/iodine, ensure pt is NPO 8 hours prior to cath (ideal)
100
List the four major coronary arteries
What are the right coronary artery and the left main coronary artery that splits into the left anterior descending and the circumflex arteries.
200
Four modifiable risk factors for AS
What are DM, HTN, smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, high cholesterol
200
Five common sx that are often present along with anginal chest pain
What are SOB, pallor, dizziness/lightheadedness, diaphoresis, anxiety, N/V, and numbness/pain arms, wrists, hands, neck.
200
STEMI (include picture)
What is an ST elevation MI
200
Two types of stress tests
What are exercise and pharmacologic (med-induced)
200
chest pain lasting longer than 15 minutes and unrelieved with rest and/or ntg
What is a MI!!
300
Clinical manifestations of AS
What are ischemia and angina pectoris
300
Sx occur more frequently and last longer. The pt's threshold for pain is lower - pain/sx may even occur at rest
What is UNSTABLE angina
300
Goal of medical management of angina/mi
What is to decrease O2 demand and increase O2 supply
300
PTCA
What is a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
300
Mechanisms of beta-blockers on heart and one important nursing intervention.
What is: decreases bp and hr - decreases workload of heart. Proven to improve short and long-term survival rates and size of infarction. Nursing intervention: Take BP and HR prior to giving
400
Important topics to address during pt education regarding AS
What are methods to manage/prevent HTN, DM, and hypercholesterolemia: diet, exercise, meds, smoking cessation
400
A patient with this diagnosis may not experience severe sx associated with angina pectoris and needs a careful assessment
Who is a diabetic patient - this is because of the presence of neuropathy
400
Important pt education regarding NTG administration
What is: if they develop cp, stop, rest, and take ntg as prescribed. Be aware that dizziness or HA might occur. If no relief in CP after 3 doses of NTG (or 15 minutes), call 911.
400
Common complication to monitor patients for s/p cabg
What is pleural effusion
400
Important nursing interventions s/p cardiac cath/PCI
What is monitor heart rhythm, s/s bleeding at cath site (usually groin), and distal CSMs
500
Prinzmetal's Angina
What is the type of angina that is usually associated with coronary artery vasospasm - pain at rest with reversible ST elevation
500
Common MI sx that are associated with vagal nerve stimulation
What are N/V and urge to have BM
500
Difference between PTCA and Stent (OK to draw or write out)
What is: PTCA = balloon Stent = straw Often used together
500
Five important nursing interventions associated with care of pt experiencing CP r/t angina/MI
What are: Monitor (vs, ekg, assessment - cardiac rhythm & pain, lab data), O2, IV access, Energy conservation, Meds, pt education, pt prep (for dx/tx procedures)