Immune Review
What cells produces antibodies?
B cells
Type I hypersensitivity is mediated by which immunoglobulin?
IgE
What is the most common use for antihistamines like Benadryl and Claritin?
Type I hypersensitivity reactions
What is the general definition of any autoimmune disorder?
The body attacks its own tissues (loss of self-recognition)
HIV primarily destroys which type of immune cell?
CD4 T-Cells
What cells attack and destroy virus-infected or cancerous cells?
T cells
What life-threatening reaction occurs due to massive histamine release?
Anaphylactic shock
What class of drugs includes prednisone and methylprednisolone?
Corticosteroids
What disease causes butterfly rash and affects multiple organs?
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
At what CD4 count is a patient diagnosed with AIDS?
Below 200
Which white blood cells engulf and destroy bacteria and fungi?
Neutrophils
What type of hypersensitivity reaction involves IgG or IgM attacking cells, such as blood transfusion reactions?
Type II- cytotoxic
What side effect gives corticosteroid users a "moon face"?
Fluid retention and fat redistribution
What joint deformities are commonly seen with rheumatoid arthritis?
Ulnar deviation and swan-neck
What is the most common opportunistic infection in HIV/AIDS?
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
Which WBCs are most involved in allergic reactions?
Eosinophils
What hypersensitivity type involves antigen-antibody complexes depositing in tissues, such as in lupus?
Type III- Immune Complex-Mediated
Sudden discontinuation of corticosteroids should be avoided because it can cause what complication?
Adrenal insufficiency
What autoimmune disease causes overproduction of thyroid hormones and bulging eyes?
Grave's disease
What combination therapy is the current standard of care for HIV?
HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy)
What immunoglobulin is associated with allergic reactions?
IgE
Which hypersensitivity reaction is cell-mediated and develops 24-48 hours after exposure?
Type IV- Delayed (T-cell mediated)
What must patients avoid while on any immunosuppressive therapy?
Live vaccines
Multiple sclerosis causes this in the CNS?
Demyelination of nerve fibers
What is the primary goal of antiretroviral therapy in HIV management?
Reduce viral load to undetectable levels (<50)