CNS
PNS
Brain
Spinal Cord
Cranial Nerves
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
General and Special Senses
Surprise Me!
100
Name the two structures that make up the CNS
Brain and Spinal Cord
100
Name the three layers/wrappings of a nerve, and what each layer surrounds
Superficial to deep:
1. Epineurium
2. Perineurium
3. Endoneurium
100
What are the four lobes of the brain?
Bonus +200: Name their functions!
Frontal, Pareital, Temporal, Occipital
100
What is the hole in the middle of the spinal cord referred to as?
Central Canal
100
Cranial nerves responsible for MOVING the eye
CN III, IV, VI
100
Both Sympathetic and Parasympathetic:
What neurotransmitter is released at the preganglionic fiber? What is released by the postganglionic fiber?
Pre: Acetylcholine/ACh
Post: Norepinephrine/Epinephrine
100
These receptors detect body position in space
proprioceptors
100
This feature of the brain connects both hemispheres to each other.
Corpus Callosum
200
What is the difference between white and gray matter?
White is myelinated, gray is unmyelinated
200
What does the somatic nervous system deal with?
Efferent motor commands to skeletal muscle
200
What does the cerebellum do?
Smooths out motor movements, helps maintain posture and equilibrium
200
Where does the spinal cord end?
Conus Medullaris (L1/L2)
200
Name the CNs with sensory and motor functions
V - Trigeminal
VII - Facial
IX - Glossopharyngeal
X - Vagus
200
Parasympathetic Nervous System:
What kind of cholinergic receptors are at the ganglion and effector?
Nicotinic and muscarinic
200
Fast adapting receptors are ______, slow adapting receptors are _______
Phasic, Tonic
200
What senses does the lateral spinothalamic tract transmit?
Pain and temperature (nociceptors and thermoreceptors)
300
What is the unmyelinated part of an axon?
Nodes of Ranvier
300
Name the PNS neuroglia and their functions
Schwann Cells : myelinate PNS axons
Satellite Cells: maintain extracellular contents
300
What are the superior and inferior colliculi responsible for?
Superior colliculi: visual reflexes, Inferior Colliculi: Auditory Reflexes (Remember, eyes above ears!)
300
Series of nerves the project out from the end of the spinal cord
Cauda Equina
300
All Cranial Nerves responsible for taste
VII - Facial
IX - Glossopharyngeal
X - Vagus
300
What Cranial Nerves have Parasympathetic Innervation?
III, VII, IX, and X
300
Sense of taste is served by these three cranial nerves:
VII, IX, and X
300
What structure in the ventricles make cerebrospinal fluid?
Choroid Plexus, in the 3rd and 4th ventricles.
400
Neurons sending information up to the brain are ________________, neurons sending information down to the body are ________________
Afferent, Efferent
400
Most lateral nerve of the brachial plexus
Musculocutaneous nerve
400
Name at least 2 functions of the medulla oblongata.
1. Relays sensory information from body to thalamus, and motor commands from brain to spinal cord
2. Rhythmicity center for the heart and lungs
3. Nuclei of cranial nerves VIII, IX, X, and XII
400
Where is CSF found in the spinal cord (Hint: there are two!)
Central Canal, Subarachnoid Space
400
What is the function of the Vagus nerve? Tell me at least two different ones!
Taste in the back of the mouth, muscles of pharynx and larynx for swallowing, and innervates the heart, lungs and digestive organs for parasympathetic effects
400
Sympathetic effects on blood vessels and the eye
Dilate the pupils, dilate the blood vessels
400
This structure in the inner ear detect position of the body when the head moves.
Semicircular ducts
400
What surrounds the third ventricle?
Thalamus
500
Name all the glial cells in the CNS and their functions
Astrocytes - maintain BBB, maintain extracellular fluid, repair neural tissue
Oligodendricytes - myelinate axons
Microglial - macrophages
Ependymal cells - line ventricles, and help make CSF
500
Name the five branches of the brachial plexus
Roots
Trunks
Divisions
Cords
Nerves
Remember : Really Tire Drink Coffee Nerves
500
What are the functions of the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus?
Thalamus - relay center for sensory and motor information Epithalamus - contains pineal gland, secretes melatonin Hypothalamus - contains pituitary gland, secretes many hormones to control autonomic functions
500
What feature of the spinal cord is only found in the thoracic and lumbar regions?
Lateral gray horns
500
Write out where every cranial nerve exits the skull on the board.
I - Cribriform plate, II - optic canal, III - SOF, IV - SOF, V - SOF, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, VI - SOF, VII - Internal Acoustic Meatus, VIII - Internal Acoustic Meatus, IX - Jugular Foramen, X - Jugular Foramen, XI - Jugular forman, XII - Hypoglossal Canal
500
The part of the spinal nerve that carries Sympathetic POSTganglionic fibers
Gray ramus
500
Name the three different tunics of the eye
Bonus (+200): Name one feature of the eye that can be found in each tunic
External to internal:
1. Fibrous tunic - sclera and cornea
2. Vascular Tunic - choroid, cilliary body, iris and pupil
3. Neural tunic - Retina, rods, cones
500
Tell me the five states of conciousness and whether they're unconcious or concious
Asleep - unconscious
Coma - unconscious
Stupor - unconscious
Chronic vegetative state - conscious
Awake - conscious