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Theories Etc
Aging
Pharmacology
Pharmacology
100
This term refers to long term care provided in institutional settings, community settings, homes and apartments for those with long term disabilities who can not stay in their own homes. Studies indicate that more severe functional limitations, cognitive impairment, problematic behaviors in ppl with dementia are predictors of admission to nursing facilities for long term care. Additional factors that increase the likli-hood of being admitted to a nursing home incl being Caucasian, female, living alone, advanced age and low socioeconomic status. Admission to a long term care facility is not only determined by a personal level of functioning but also by the availability of capable and willing care givers.
What is 'Long Term Care'
100
1. Trust vs. Mistrust 2. Autonomy vs. Shame 3. Initiative vs. Guilt 4. Industry vs. Inferiority 5. Identity vs. Role Confusion 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation 8. Ego Integrity vs. Despair
What are Erikson’s (1959) theory of psychosocial development eight distinct stages.
100
Decreased kidney size Decreased renal blood flow Decreased number of functional nephrons Decreased tubular secretion Result:  glomerular filtration rate (GFR) Decreased drug clearance: atenolol, gabapentin, H2 blockers, digoxin, allopurinol, quinolones
What are effects of aging on the Kidney
100
Gender Comorbid conditions Smoking Diet Drug interactions Race Frailty
What are Factors Affecting Drug Metabolism?
100
Purpose: Decrease inflammation
NSAIDS Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Ex: Aspirin and Ibuprofen provide what symptomatic relief?
200
Programs that provide comprehensive coordinated and multidisciplinary services (e.g primary & preventative care, acute care, transitional care, rehabilitative services, extended care, respite care, social services, home health care & adult day care centers and care mngt services).
What is 'Continuing Care'
200
This theory is widely utilized by health care professionals to explain the stages of behavior change
What is Transtheoretical Model developed by DiClemente and Prochaska.
200
This is defined as a disorder that is restricted to a particular culture or group of cultures bc of certain psychological characteristics of those cultures
What is Culture Bound Syndrome
200
- Check for recent med changes - Avoid meds such as benzo's, anticholinergics, psychotropics, drugs of high toxicity, steroids, histamine blockers
What is things to consider in regards to medications when caring for a pt with 'delirium' Found in Miller Text book on Chapter of Delirium and Dementia
200
What the body does to the drug
What is Pharmacokinetics
300
1. Minimum Data Set Used in Nsg facilities/hoe care agencies to document 18 areas of functioning. 2. Activities of Daily Living Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
What is MDS, ADL, iADL
300
Pre-Contemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
What are the stages of Transtheoretical Model
300
This scale is a a 104 item checklist for use with older adults which can be self- administered and scored to identify the level of stress that an older person is experiencing at a given time.
What is Stokes/Gordon Stress Scale - SGSS developed by two RN's
300
Adverse drug events (ADEs) Drug interactions Duplication of drug therapy Decreased quality of life Unnecessary cost Medication non-adherence
What are consequences of over-prescribing
300
Pharmacodynamics
What is the term that describes what the drug does to the body?
400
A functional assessment is a formal process of measuring a persons ability to fulfill responsibilities and perform self care tasks
What is Functional Assessment
400
This theory has been proposed to explain successful aging based on a dynamic model of development as a continuous process of specialization and loss. According to this theory older adults select certain goals and tasks while disengaging from other goals. They OPTIMIZE necessary resources to achieve these goals, and they COMPENSATE by establishing new resources to substitute fir lowered or lost abilities and skills.
What is Selective Optimization with Compensation Theory
400
This disorder has a significant impact no health, functioning and quality of life for many older adults. It is characterized by persistent, excessive and uncontrollable worry accompanied by physiologic symptoms including fatigue, irritability and restlessness, sleep disturbances, difficulty concentrating and pervasive cognitive dysfunction. This is often unrecognized by health care providers
What is 'Generalized Anxiety Disorder'
400
Opioid analgesics NSAIDs Anticholinergics Benzodiazepines Also: cardiovascular agents, CNS agents (Tricyclic Antidepressants, Older SSRIs, NDRI’s, Antipsychotics, and musculoskeletal agents (Digoxins) NSAIDS, Laxatives, Hypoglycemics, Urological spasmotic agents
What are the Most Common Medications Associated with ADEs in the Elderly
400
A phenomenon of drug metabolism whereby the concentration of a drug is greatly reduced before it reaches the systemic circulation.
What is the first-pass effect also known as first-pass metabolism or presystemic metabolism
500
TD refers to a constellation of rhythmic and involuntary movements of any of the following: the trunk and extremeties and the jaw, lips, mouth and tongue. Studies have shown that TD is caused by medications that block the dopamine receptors in the brain, such as antipsychotics.
What is Tardive Dyskinesia
500
This theory has been proposed to explain emotional well being during older adulthood. This theory proposes that in contrast to younger adults who view time as unconstrained, older adults recognize that their time is limited, so they focus on emotional goals rather than on knowledge-seeking goals.
What is Sociomotional Selectivity Theory
500
This described a persons mood, emotions and expressions of emotions.
What is 'AFFECT' found in Miller re: Affective Function Affective function assessment includes consideration of mood, anxiety, self esteem, depression, happiness and well being.
500
This tool identifies potentially inappropriate medications for individuals age 65 or older
What is 'The Beers Criteria'
500
Route of administration What it taken with the drug - Divalent cations (Ca, Mg, Fe) - Food, enteral feedings - Drugs that influence gastric pH - Drugs that promote or delay GI motility Co-morbid Conditions Increased GI pH Decreased Gastric Emptying Dysphagia
What are factors that affect absorption?