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Designs
Validity
Reliability
Samples
Research Basics
100
What is the type of design that collects words or narrative data?
Qualitative research
100

Explain how deception increases validity

Deception helps avoid participants behavior being affected, i.e. demand characteristics

100

What is the type of reliability that examines stability of an instrument at two points in time?

test retest reliability

100

What is it called when there is either over or under representation of the characteristics of the target population?

sampling bias

100

Name 3 ethical principles in animal research?

Minimizing harm, replacement, understand species, number, housing, reward

200
What is the design that is used to examine relationships among variables?
Correlational design
200

Piliavin et al. can't be generalized to all cultures because?

Helping behavior might differ across cultures
200

Explain the relationship between reliability and replicability

Replicability = results not due to chance = high reliability

200

What is the type of sampling in which all members of the accessible population have an equal chance of being selected for the study?

Random sampling

200
List 2 problems to avoid when creating questionnaires?

Double-barreled question, ambiguous question, technical term, emotive language

300

Name 1 lab experiment study and 1 field experiment study 

Lab: Milgram et al, Perry et al, Dement & Kleitman

Field: Pilavin et al, Hassett et al

300
An author reports that the correlation between patient knowledge of self care at time of discharge and hospital readmission is 0.60. What type of validity is this? Is 0.60 acceptable?
Predictive validity; no
300
Can an instrument be reliable without being valid?
Yes
300

What is another name for convenient sampling?

opportunity sampling

300

What type of data is collected in case study? 

Both qualitative and quantitative data

400
what is a non-experimental design in which data are gathered from subjects at one point in time?
Cross sectional design
400

______ data reduces validity

Subjective
400

Two researchers observe EEG on the same patient; what type of reliability addresses their extent of agreement?

Inter-rater reliability

400

What sampling technique did Milgram use for his study on obedience?

volunteer sampling
400
Voluntary participation by research subjects who have been told about possible risks and benefits of taking part in the study is called_______?
Informed consent
500

What type of design would a researcher use to test the effects of watching violent videos on child's behavior?

Experiment

500

What type of validity reflects how the study design matches participants' real lives? 

Ecological validity

500

Reliability is reported as a correlation coefficient. What would a correlation of 0.00 mean? What would a correlation of 1.00 mean?

0.00 = absence of reliability

1.00 = perfect reliability

500

How many participants are there in Dement & Kleitman's study?

total 9, analysis 5

500

Distinguish between aim and hypothesis

Aim = research purpose; Hypothesis = result prediction