Innate vs Adaptive Immunity
This immunity is present at birth, rapid, nonspecific, and has no memory.
What is innate immunity?
These molecules, released by bacteria or immune cells, trigger fever.
Pyrogens
This type of hypersensitivity is IgE-mediated and includes anaphylaxis, hay fever, and asthma.
What is Type I hypersensitivity?
Transplants between genetically identical individuals are called this.
What are syngenic transplants?
Immunodeficiencies that are present at birth are called this.
What are primary immunodeficiencies?
This immunity develops after exposure, is specific, and has memory for stronger responses upon re-exposure.
What is adaptive immunity?
Fever helps fight infection by creating an environment unfavorable for this.
What is bacterial proliferation?
This hypersensitivity involves IgG or IgM binding to antigens on individual’s own cells, such as in acute transfusion reactions.
What is Type II hypersensitivity?
Transplants from one person to another who is not genetically identical are called this.
What are allogenic transplants?
Immunodeficiencies acquired after birth, often due to infection or medications, are called this.
What are secondary (acquired) immunodeficiencies?
Examples of innate immunity include skin, mucous membranes, phagocytes, inflammation, fever, and these immune cells.
What are natural killer (NK) cells?
Proteins released from virus-infected cells that bind to uninfected cells and prevent viral replication are called this.
What are interferons?
Immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity causing conditions like rheumatoid arthritis is called this.
What is Type III hypersensitivity?
This type of transplant rejection occurs immediately, usually within minutes or hours.
What is hyperacute rejection?
This virus infects CD4+ lymphocytes and macrophages, causing progressive immune dysfunction.
What is HIV?
B cells produce these proteins as part of humoral immunity.
What are antibodies?
Plasma proteins circulating in an inactive form, which enhance antibodies when activated, are called this.
What are complement proteins?
Delayed hypersensitivity, cell-mediated, including contact dermatitis and graft rejection, is classified as this.
What is Type IV hypersensitivity?
Rejection occurring over weeks to months after transplantation is called this.
What is acute rejection?
Laboratory tests for HIV include antigen/antibody tests and these tests that detect viral RNA.
What are nucleic acid tests (NAT)?
T cells mature in this organ, which is essential for cellular immunity.
What is the thymus?
Complement proteins primarily belong to this arm of immunity but also modulate adaptive responses.
What is innate immunity?
T-helper cells stimulate B cells to produce IgE in Type I hypersensitivity. These cells are abbreviated as this.
What are Th cells?
Either the host attacks the graft or the graft attacks the host in this type of rejection.
What is host-versus-graft or graft-versus-host rejection?
: HIV progresses to AIDS when the CD4+ count drops below this value.
What is 200 cells/mm³?