Random
Treats edema & HTN. Monitor kidneys, hydration, & BP. Start low/slow. Watch for hypokalemia, nocturia (avoid bedtime), and ototoxicity (tinnitus).Say generic and brand name and class.
Furosemide(Lasix)-Loop Diuretic
Potassium:3.5-5.2
List the 7 medication rights
Treats anxiety/panic. Monitor drowsiness & respiratory depression. Older adults: confusion & excessive sedation. Risk for dependence. Never stop suddenly taper slowly to prevent withdrawal. Watch for anaphylaxis. Say generic and brand name and class.
Alprazolam(Xanax)-Benzodiazepine
Used for Type 1 DM (required), Type 2 DM when oral medications aren't enough, DKA, and hyperkalemia. Rapid-acting onset: 10–30 min. Intermediate onset: 1–2 hr. Long-acting onset: 1–2 hr (no peak). Always check blood glucose before giving. Rotate injection sites. Main side effect: hypoglycemia with palpitations. Severe hypoglycemia can lead to coma. Carry fast-acting glucose.
Insulin;Various types
Opioid used for moderate to severe pain. Binds CNS opioid receptors to decrease pain perception and emotional response. Assess pain, LOC, RR, and opioid history. Common side effect: constipation. Watch for respiratory depression; keep naloxone available. Teach no driving, slow position changes, and risks of addiction/dependence. Say generic and brand name and class.
Morphine(Roxanol)-Opioid analgesic, schedule II controlled substance
Naloxone is also known as?
Narcan
Glucocorticoid used to decrease inflammation, suppress immune response, reduce allergic reactions, and replace cortisol in adrenal insufficiency. Causes increased appetite, weight gain, fluid retention, edema, and mood changes. Monitor BP and signs of infection. Take in the morning with food or milk. Never stop abruptly—taper slowly. Say generic and brand name and class.
Hydrocortisone(Cortizone-10)-Corticosteroids
Used to prevent blood clots, especially after surgery. More predictable than standard anticoagulants and usually doesn't require routine aPTT monitoring. Watch for bleeding, bruising, spinal/epidural hematoma, and black tarry stools. Do not remove the air bubble from the prefilled syringe or massage the injection site. Say generic and brand name and class.
Enoxaparin(Lovenox)-Low-molecular weight heparin "LMWH"
Used to prevent and treat DVT, PE, MI, and A-fib. Monitor aPTT (therapeutic: 1.5–2.5× control, ~60–80 sec). Watch for bleeding, bruising, and HIT. Use a soft toothbrush and electric razor. Do not massage the injection site. Antidote: protamine sulfate. Say generic and brand name and common name.
Heparin(Hep-lock)-Anticoagulant unfractioned heparin
Provides active immunity against Streptococcus pneumoniae and protects against 20 pneumococcal serotypes. Common side effect: injection site pain. Serious risk: anaphylaxis. Check allergy history before giving and monitor for allergic reactions after administration. Say generic and common name and class.
Pneumococcal 20 valent conjugate vaccine(Prevnar 20)-Vaccine conjugate
Lowers blood glucose by moving sugar from the bloodstream into cells. Begins working in 12–15 minutes and controls after-meal glucose spikes. Check blood glucose before meals. Watch for hypoglycemia (sweating, shakiness, confusion) and DKA. Carry fast-acting glucose. Use inhaler exactly as prescribed. Say generic and brand name and common name.
Inhaled insulin(Afrezza)-Antidiabetic agent, rapid-acting insulin
Intranasal corticosteroid used for allergic rhinitis, nasal polyps, and chronic sinus congestion. Reduces nasal inflammation. Watch for irritation, dryness, nosebleeds, and septal perforation. Shake bottle, lean slightly forward, and spray away from septum. Takes days to weeks for full effect, not acute relief. Rinse mouth after use. Say generic and brand name and common name.
Fluticasone nasal spray(Flonase)-Corticosteroid (intranasal)
Used for glaucoma by lowering intraocular pressure through increased fluid drainage. Watch for vision changes and retinal detachment. Can cause dry mouth, headache, sweating, nausea, flushing, and urinary frequency. Press inner corner of eye for 1–2 minutes after drops to reduce systemic side effects. Say the generic and brand name and class.
Pilocarpine(Isopto carpine, pilocar)-Cholinergic (parasympathomimetic)-Miotic agent
Used for acute and chronic angina, heart failure adjunct therapy, and hypertensive emergencies. Causes vasodilation. Watch for severe hypotension, syncope, and tolerance. Never combine with sildenafil. Check BP and chest pain. Sit/lie before sublingual dose. May take 1 tablet every 5 minutes up to 3 doses in 15 minutes. Store in dark glass bottle. Say the generic and brand name and class.
Nitroglycerin(Nitrostat)-Nitrate vasodilator
Maximum acetaminophen a day is how many mg?
4,000mg a day
Opioid that binds CNS receptors to relieve pain. Assess pain, LOC, drowsiness, and respirations. Common: constipation, nausea, dizziness (increase fiber & fluids). Use 2 patient identifiers. Take as prescribed. No alcohol. Report overdose signs (slow breathing, hard to wake). Say generic and brand name and class.
Hydrocodone(Hynsingla ER)-Opioid analgesics
Use Narcan(naloxone) for OD
First-line medication for Type 2 DM. Decreases liver glucose production and improves insulin sensitivity. Give with meals to reduce GI upset. Hold with IV contrast imaging. Watch for lactic acidosis (muscle pain, weakness, rapid breathing), B12 deficiency, and metallic taste. Contraindicated if eGFR <30. Say generic and brand name and class.
Metformin(Glucophage)-Biguanide
Treats Type 2 DM by increasing insulin release from the pancreas. Give 30 minutes before meals on an empty stomach. Main risk is hypoglycemia. Monitor HbA1c, glucose, and BUN/Cr. Treat low blood sugar with 15g fast-acting sugar. Say generic and brand name and class.
Glipizide(Glucotrol)-Sulfonylurea
Treats HF & A-fib. Check apical pulse ×1 min (hold if HR <60). Watch for toxicity: yellow/green halos, blurred vision, bradycardia, N/V. Low K⁺ ↑ toxicity risk. Monitor digoxin level, K⁺, BUN/Cr. Say generic and brand name and class.
Digoxin(Lanoxin)-Cardia Glycoside
Therapeutic range 0.5-2
A pt has hypokalemia you should?
Encourage rich in potassium foods
Beta blocker used for HTN, angina, and after MI. Lowers BP and HR. Check apical pulse before giving. Watch for hypotension, bradycardia, depression, fatigue, bronchospasm (caution asthma/COPD), and rebound hypertension if stopped suddenly. Take same time daily and teach pulse monitoring. Say generic and brand name and class.
Atenolol(Tenormin)-Betablocker
Used in combination therapy for HIV; controls but does not cure infection. Watch for taste changes, dry mouth, hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis, and increased cholesterol/triglycerides. Monitor AST, ALT, bilirubin, and lipid panel. Do not crush/chew tablets, avoid drug interactions, and report liver or pancreatitis symptoms. Say generic and brand name and class.
Ritonavir(Norvir)-Antiretroviral protease inhibitor
Treats HTN and edema by removing extra sodium and water. Causes frequent urination, dehydration, dizziness, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, and gout flare-ups. Monitor hydration, orthostatic hypotension, and electrolytes. Encourage potassium-rich foods. Watch for sulfa allergy. Say generic and brand name and class.
Hydrochlorothiazide"HCTZ"(Microzide)-Thiazide diuretic
Treats bacterial infections of the respiratory, urinary, GI, skin, meningitis, and sepsis. Check penicillin allergy before giving. Take on an empty stomach and finish the full course. Monitor kidney function and watch for superinfection, yeast infections, C. diff, and diarrhea. Say generic and brand name and class.
Ampicillin(Omnipen,Polycillin)-Penicillin type antibiotic
PPI used for GERD, peptic ulcers, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome by reducing stomach acid. Give before meals (usually morning). Do not crush or chew capsules. Long-term use can cause osteoporosis, fractures, low calcium absorption, hypomagnesemia, B12 deficiency, and C. diff. Report persistent diarrhea. Say generic and brand name and class.
Omeprazole(Prilosec)-Proton pump inhibitor