Bacteria I
Gram-positive, spherical organisms in chains that produce zones of hemolysis when cultured on blood agar, referred to as beta hemolysis. secretes large numbers of extracellular products that enhance its toxicity in the spread of infection through tissues.
What is GABHS?
Bacteria found in animal feces, particularly those of birds. It is one of the most common causes of gastroenteritis in the world and usually produces diarrheal illness that is self-limited. Contaminated food, particularly poultry, is a common source, though cattle infection can lead to infected beef.
What is Campylobacter jejuni?
It can cause an asymptomatic infection, birth defects in the fetus, mononucleosis-type syndrome in adults, and severe disseminated infection in immunosuppressed individuals.
What is Cytomegalovirus?
Becomes pathogenic when an overgrowth of the fungus occurs, commonly causing superficial diseases.
What is Candida albicans?
There are four protozoan organisms that cause malaria.
What area:
1. Plasmodium falciparum
2. Plasmodium vivax
3. Plasmodium ovale
4. Plasmodium malariae?
Most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia
What is S. pneumoniae (Pneumococcus)?
A toxin-producing bacteria that infects mucous membranes in the respiratory tract. It causes a distinctive gray-colored pseudomembrane consisting of sloughed epithelium, necrotic debris, WBCs, and bacteria that line the respiratory tract.
What is Corynebacterium diphtheriae?
High fever, cough, upper respiratory illness, conjunctivitis with periorbital edema, and photophobia are major symptoms. There are unique white areas in the oral buccal mucosa called Koplik’s spots that appear in the prodromal stage. Koplik’s spots are considered pathognomonic.
What is morbillivirus? (measles)
A fungal organism that resides in the soil of the western United States, Mexico, Central America, and South America (AKA valley fever).
What is Coccidioides immitis? (Coccidiomycosis)
These water-borne protozoan infections cause diarrhea.
What are Amebiasis and Giardiasis?
These bacteria are found most often in the warm, moist air conditioning systems of large buildings, though they have also been found in water delivery systems. The microbe is transmitted via aerosolized mist in the air.
What is Legionella pneumophila?
A toxin-producing bacteria that allows the binding of bacteria to respiratory ciliated cells. Causes a whooping cough.
What is Bordetella pertussis?
The rash may be the first manifestation, followed by fever, sore throat, and rhinitis. The rash begins as discrete, red macules on the face that spread to the neck, trunk, and extremities. The macules may coalesce on the trunk.
What is Rubivirus (rubella)?
A fungal disease caused by ________, a dimorphic fungus that is found in the soil of areas inhabited by bats and birds. It is the most prevalent endemic mycosis in the United States.
What is Histoplasma capsulatum? (Histoplasmosis)
Many different types; parasite; many are prevalent in tropical areas with warm, moist climates
What are helminth infections?
Three bacteria that cause meningitis. Immunizations are available
What are S. pneumoniae (pneumococcus), Neisseria meningitides (meningococcus), and H. influenzae?
The toxin affects neurons and causes a descending paralysis, initially affecting the cranial nerves. Weakness progresses rapidly from the head down into the neck, arms, trunk, and legs. Can also be used therapeutically. Spores can be in honey.
What is C. botulinum?
The most common symptoms are parotitis, submaxillary/submandibular gland swelling, fever, and sore throat.
What is paramyxovirus? (mumps)
Approximately 40 different species of fungi can cause ringworm; the scientific names for the types of fungi that cause ringworm are Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton. What are two other names that describe these type of infections?
What are “tinea” or “dermatophytosis”?
Human disease caused by a prion.
What is Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease?
There are an estimated 16 to 33 million cases of typhoid fever annually, resulting in 216,000 deaths in endemic areas of Africa, Asia, and South America. Typhoid fever is a potentially fatal disease that causes high fever, cough, abdominal pain, watery diarrhea, and cardiac problems that include bradycardia and endocarditis.
What is Salmonella Typhi?
Causes gas gangrene.
What is Clostridium perfringens?
The prodromal phase may include headache, low-grade fever, pharyngitis, and malaise. Classic skin rash follows within 3 to 7 days. The facial skin develops a classic slapped-cheek appearance that may appear like a sunburn and typically fades over 2 to 4 day
What is human parvovirus B19? Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)
It is an infection that occurs in immunocompromised, critically ill patients. Patients suffering from hematological malignancies are particularly vulnerable to invasive fungal infections of this type. Mainly a disease of the pulmonary system.
What is Aspergillus?
Infects warm-blooded animals, including humans, but the primary host is the cat. Pregnant women and immunosuppressed individuals are at high risk for toxoplasmosis infection.
What is the parasite protozoan Toxoplasma gondii? (Toxoplasmosis)