Napoleonic Wars
How did Napoleon seize power in France? How did he come to make himself Emperor of France?
There are a bunch of different components to what Nationalism is. We know it is a strong loyalty to the nation and the state of that nation. In what ways do people band together to feel a sense of nationalism?
common history
language
religion
nationality
common culture
cuisine (food)
traditions/customs
What German State was the largest, most powerful, and strongest economically, AND who was the Prime Minister (political leader) of that German State?
1. Prussia
2. Otto Von Bismarck
Count Camillo di Cavour (triple C) was the Prime Minister of Piedmont-Sardinia, the most powerful and largest Italian city-state. He helped to unify which region of Italy?
Northern Italy
What is this called?
Policy of increasing the amount of territory a government holds
Expansionism
Why did Napoleon reinstate the Catholic Church?
It didn't have the political power it once had, because of secularism and Napoleon having all the power, but it did make a comeback after being dissolved by the French Revolution.
Many French people were still devoutly Catholic and wanted a resurgence of their Church, so Napoleon gave it to them.
Basically, a control mechanism over the peasantry and the middle class Catholics.
What two political groups led the Revolutions of 1848?
Liberals
Radicals
Bismarck used propaganda and provocation to start three wars.
What European countries did Prussia go to war with to expand German borders and unify Germany?
For each country you can accurately name, you'll receive 100 points.
2. Austria
3. France
Giuseppe Garibaldi was the leader of the "Red Shirts" and helped to unite which region of Italy?
Southern Italy
What is this called?
The 19th-century doctrine or belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both divinely justified and inevitable.
Manifest Destiny
What was the system called where Napoleon tried to financially block Great Britain out of European affairs?
He set up a naval blockade and forbade the other European States from trading with Great Britain. Those European states, instead, were only allowed to trade with other European states on the continent.
The Continental System
Nationalist movements began in the Balkans (Southeast region of Europe controlled by the Ottoman Empire at the time) when which European country rebelled against the weakened Ottoman Empire?
This prompted other nations in the Balkans to desire independence as well.
Greece
What was the final war that solidified German Unification?
In order to get the Pope to sign-off on a unified Italy and for the Papal states to join the effort, what holy city (historical city) became the formal capital of Italy.
Hint: it still is the capital to this day.
Rome
There are many major events that led to the increase in size of the United States.
Name at least two we have discussed in class. If you name more than two, you will receive 100 extra points for each one.
Revolutionary war (we beat Great Britain)
Louisiana Purchase (we bought it from France)
Texas war for independence (from Mexico)
Mexican-American War (we fought Mexico for territory)
Annexation of Alaska (we bought it from Russia)
At the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the European States that had defeated Napoleon met to discuss how to return things to normal and issue a "Balance of Power" doctrine.
What, specifically, did the Balance of Power doctrine reinstate?
Monarchies of old.
After Napoleon invaded all of these countries, set up his own "puppet states", and got rid of the standing monarchs in each place, the old monarchies were immediately returned to control the masses.
How does Nationalism spread across Europe? Where do these separate countries get the idea that they should rule their own nation as a unified people?
It is something easy and specific.
Napoleon's conquests of Europe
Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815)
It is easy to unite as a cohesive nation when the de facto ruler of a German-speaking "puppet state" is a French-speaking aristocrat that Napoleon put in charge.
What was Bismarck's driving political philosophy?
Hint: Not liberalism, conservatism, or radicalism.
Realpolitik
"The reality of Politics"
Which two Italian city-states were the last to join a unified Italy?
If you can tell me WHY each city-state specifically held out, you'll receive an extra 100 points each.
Venice: Venice was way more wealthy compared to the other city-states and was reluctant to share that wealth. (wealth)
Rome: The Roman Catholic Church was still holding on to authority and power amidst a growing secular European society, so they were reluctant to share that power with a secular Italian state. (power)
What Doctrine was issued in 1823, that basically made the United States the protectorate of the Western Hemisphere, free from European powers.
It alerted European powers that the American continents should not be considered for any future colonization.
The Monroe Doctrine
The Napoleonic Code is probably the best, most acceptable legacy of Napoleon. It was just a legal code that modernized old, archaic laws.
What are some things the Napoleonic Code did?
If you can name at least two, you will receive 500 points; if you can name more than two you'll receive 500 plus 100 points for each one.
Laid the groundwork for capitalism and economic cooperation.
Removed privileges based on birth (hereditary privileges)
Equality under the law for men
Secured the right to own property as a private citizen
Abolished the Feudal System
Improved transpiration and communication systems
Established a common, national currency.
Codified Enlightenment Ideas into law
Granted unprecedented religious freedom, especially to Jewish people
Actually stifled freedom of the press and freedom of speech
Nationalist movements and revolutions happened in Europe following the Congress of Vienna (which did poorly to redraw political territories) and continued through the 1800s. Where else, besides Europe, did those revolutions occur?
(We talked about a specific location in class)
Latin America
Aka all of South America, Mexico, and the Caribbean.
Places where they speak "Latin-derived" languages, aka Spanish and Portuguese
Other than Nationalism, what was a key component for the unification of Germany?
War
It helps to have a common enemy when trying to bring people together.
Italy had previously helped France win the Crimean war of 1853. So when the time came that Italy needed military assistance, they asked France to help them expel foreign influence.
What European country did France and N. Italy unite against and drive out of Italy?
Austria
Why is the Monroe Doctrine historically significant?
The Monroe Doctrine internationally acknowledged and politically recognized Latin American Countries that had just revolted against its European Overlords.
Just a few examples: