NARRATION

ROW 1

100

Narrator

Someone who accounts a narrative or tells a story.

200

Uses we

Second Person Narrator

300

Uses he/she/they

Third Person Narrator

400

A listener within the fiction whose possible reaction is part of the story.

Auditor.

500

Limited Narrator

An external, third person narrator who tells the story from a distinct point of view, usually that of a single character. Expresses character's thoughts and relating action from his/her perspective.

ROW 2

100

Voice

Verbal quality of narration.

200

Has access to thoughts, perceptions, or experiences of more than one character.

Unlimited Narrator

300

Central Consciousness

 Focal character.

400

Discrepancies or gaps between vision and voice, intentions and understandings, or expectations and outcomes.

Irony

500

Does not explicitly report characters thoughts and feelings, but may obliquely suggest them through the character’s speech and actions.

Objective Narrator

ROW 3

100

Focus

Visual angle of narration.

200

Point of View

Both voice and focus

300

First Person Narrator

Singular narration where the narrator uses the pronoun I.

400

Especially effective at producing irony.

Unreliable Narrator

500

The perspective and intended values that govern the whole work, including the narrator.

Implied Author