1
Movement represents the integrated functioning of which three main body systems?
Muscular, nervous, and skeletal
What term is used to describe the concept of how the functioning of one body segment can impact other areas of the body?
Regional interdependence
What anatomical term is used to describe something that is relatively closer to the midline of the body?
Medial
Which plane of movement can be described as an imaginary line that bisects the body into right and left sides?
Sagittal
What is the anatomical term that describes something positioned above an identified reference point?
Superior
During normal walking, the pelvis rotates in what plane to facilitate the necessary momentum for the swing phase?
Transverse
What type of lever could be described as having a fulcrum in the middle like a seesaw?
First class
The ability to initiate and correct purposeful controlled movements
motor control
What is the anatomical term that describes something positioned on the opposite side of the body?
Contralateral
In what plane of movement do shoulder horizontal adduction and abduction occur?
Transverse
What term is used to describe muscle tension that is created without a change in muscle length and no visible movement of the joint?
Isometric
A contraction that occurs when the speed of movement is fixed and the resistance varies with the force exerted
Isokinetic
The development of muscle tension during lengthening of the contractile tissue
Eccentric muscle action
Which type of exercise accommodates effort whereby the harder the individual pushes or pulls, the more resistance they feel, despite the movement speed remaining constant?
Isokinetic
As the velocity of the concentric muscle action increases, its ability to produce force __________.
Decreases
Performing a biceps curl with a dumbbell in the hand is an example of which type of lever?
Third class
Movements that take place within a joint and are not visible to the human eye may be classified in what way?
Arthrokinematic
What movement term is used to describe the concept of adducting the shoulder blades so that they become closer together?
Scapular retraction
In order to optimally load muscle during the eccentric phase, the fitness professional should recommend which of the following?
A. Reduce the resistance so it is less than it was in the concentric phase, and lower the weight faster to reduce time under tension
B. Lower the weight more slowly to increase time under tension
C. Lower the weight faster to reduce time under tension
B. Lower the weight more slowly to increase time under tension
During a squat, the lowering phase would be described as what type of muscle action?
Eccentric
What muscle groups work eccentrically in the sagittal plane during the lowering phase of the squat?
Quadriceps
What is the scientific term that describes the nervous system’s role in the contract/relax relationship between agonists and antagonists?
Reciprocal inhibition
Name a muscle that functions as part of the global muscular system.
Any muscles from the subsystems!
Which subsystem is responsible for providing both frontal plane mobility and stabilization of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex?
Lateral subsystem
Pronation of the foot describes what multiplanar movements?
Eversion, dorsiflexion, and ankle abduction
What muscle groups work both eccentrically and concentrically in the sagittal plane during a squat?
Quads and Hamstrings
What is the concept used to describe the action of muscles that have the ability to contract automatically in anticipation of movement?
Feed-forward
What scientific term is used to describe the concept whereby a loaded eccentric contraction prepares the muscles for a rapid concentric contraction?
Stretch-shortening cycle
How should the amortization phase of the stretch-shortening cycle be described?
The transition from eccentric loading to concentric unloading
The deep longitudinal subsystem includes what muscles?
Peroneus Longus, Tibialis Anterior, Hamstrings, Erector Spinae
The posterior oblique system includes what muscles?
Latissimus Dorsi, Thoracolumbar fascia and contralateral gluteus maximus
What measurement is dependent upon the length of the lever arm and the angle between the force application and the lever arm?
Torque
During a squat, what muscle group isometrically contracts to prevent unnecessary thigh movement in the frontal plane?
Hip abductors/adductors
What benefits may occur as a result of exercises that comprise only eccentric muscle actions that are appropriately loaded?
Hint: Incresaed time under tension increases this...
Increased anabolic hormone stimulation
What muscles is primarily targeted when performing a biceps curl exercise with the thumb up
Brachioradialis
Which concept should be used to describe the functioning of the serratus anterior as it assists the anterior deltoid during shoulder flexion?
Synergist
Stored energy from an efficiently functioning stretch-shortening cycle is released during which muscle action?
Concentric
What effects may occur if the amortization phase of a plyometric exercise is prolonged?
Stored energy will dissipate, and the unloading phase will be less powerful.
Name a muscle that functions in a feed-forward mechanism in anticipation of limb movements?
Rotatores, Multifidus, Transverse Abdominis, Diaphragm, Pelvic Floor, or Quadratus Lumborum
What is a key mechanism involved in internal feedback?
Hint: Raise your hand in the air, and wave 'em like you just don't care.
Proprioception