Ch. 7.4 Skeletal System Key Terms
forms the extremities and is composed of the shoulder girdle, arm bones, pelvic girdle, and leg bones, section of skeletal system
appendicular skeleton
long shaft of a long bone
Diaphysis
"soft spots” allow for the enlargements of the skull as brain growth occurs, made of membrane and cartilage, and turn into solid bone by approximately 18 months of age
Fontanels
a cavity in the diaphysis filled with yellow marrow in the long bone
medullary canal
contains blood vessels, lymph vessels, and osteoblasts, special cells that form new bone tissue, necessary for bone growth, repair, and nutrition
Periosteum
forms the main trunk of the body and is composed of the skull, spinal column, ribs, and breastbone, section of skeletal system
axial skeleton
a membrane that lines the medullary canal and keeps the yellow marrow intact, also produces bone growth
Endosteum
openings in bones that allow nerves and blood vessels to enter or leave the bone
Foramina
5 of these (palm of the hand) in bones of each arm
14 of these (2 on the great toe and 3 on each of the other 4 toes) on leg and 14 of these (3 on each finger and 2 on the thumb) in bones of each arm
Phalanges
8 of these (wrists) in the bones of each arm
Carpals
two extremities or ends are each called this, part of long bone
Epiphysis
Bones of each arm include one of these (upper arm)
Humerus
instep of foot, 5 of these
Metatarsals
Bones of each arm include one of these (lower arm on thumb side that rotates around the ulna to allow the hand to turn freely)
Radius
The shoulder, or pectoral, girdle is made of two of these (collarbones)
Clavicles
thigh bone, hip to knee, longest strongest and heaviest bone in human body
Femur
areas where two or more bones join together, 3 main types : diarthrosis or synovial, amphiarthrosis, and synarthrosis
Joints
pelvic girdle is made of two of these, which join with the sacrum on the dorsal part of the body
os coxae
found in certain bones, such as vertebrae, ribs, sternum, and cranium, and in the proximal ends of the humerus and femur, where a process known as hematopoiesis takes place
red marrow
the spherical structure that surrounds and protects the brain, made of eight bones: one frontal, two parietal, two temporal, one occipital, one ethmoid, and one sphenoid
cranium
the slender smaller bone of the lower leg that attaches to the proximal end of the tibia
Fibula
Connective tissue bands help hold long bones together at joints
Ligaments
kneecap, located in front of the knee joint
Patella
12 pairs of these, they attach to the thoracic vertebrae on the dorsal surface of the body
Ribs