General Chemistry
The product of 4.78 x 6.24581 should have this many significant figures
What is three?
Methane has this type of molecular geometry, where the H-C-H bond angles are 109.5°
What is tetrahedral?
Proteins are made out of these monomers
What are amino acids?
Commonly known as the "powerhouse of the cell" ;)
What is the mitochondria?
The most electronegative atom in the periodic table
What is fluorine (F)?
This famous law states that PV = nRT
What is the ideal gas law?
With a molecular formula of C6H6, this aromatic molecule is arguably the most famous example of resonance in organic chemistry
What is benzene?
This polysaccharide with a β(1->4) glyosidic bond is commonly found in plants and cannot be digested by humans
What is cellulose?
First proposed by Francis Crick in 1958, this concept depicts the process by which DNA is converted into a functional product (DNA -> RNA -> protein)
What is the central dogma (of molecular biology)?
The hemoglobin protein is a heterotetramer, meaning that it contains this many subunits
What is four?
This refers to the negatively-charged electrode where reduction occurs; a common mnemonic to remember this is "red cat"
What is cathode?
The pKa of water
What is 16? (more precisely, 15.7)
The average physiological pH of the human body
What is 7.40? (7.3-7.5 is acceptable)
Geneticists refer to this quality as having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes
What is heterozygous?
In 1921, this microbiologist accidentally discovered the first effective antibiotic now known as penicillin
Who was Alexander Fleming?
This famous equation, ΔG = ΔH - TΔS, allows us to calculate the change in this, the energy of a system available to do work
What is Gibbs free energy?
What is 3100-3500 cm-1?
These bonds are formed between the thiol groups of cysteine residues in the process of protein folding; also an important component of the tertiary structure of proteins
What are disulfide bonds/bridges?
The Na+/K+ ATPase pump is a common example of this form of cellular transport
What is (primary) active transport?
Known as the "master gland" of endocrine system, this structure lies directly below the hypothalamus and secretes hormones such as the growth hormone (GH), prolactin, and the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
In acid-base chemistry, this denotes a species capable of accepting an electron pair
What is a Lewis acid?
One of Dr. Matthias Selke's favorite molecules, this gaseous chemical is the lowest excited state of a certain diatomic molecule :D
What is singlet oxygen?
The three irreversible steps of glycolysis are regulated by hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, and this enzyme
What is phosphofructokinase (PFK-1)?
Two of the five types of leukocytes (WBCs) present in the body
What are neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils? (any two are acceptable)
A common artificial sweetener and sugar substitute, this molecule (chemical formula C12H19Cl3O8) is commercially sold as Splenda
What is sucralose?