Nationalism Explained
What is Nationalism?
an ideology that emphasizes a strong identification with one's nation; often prioritizing national interests, culture, and sovereignty over external influences and global cooperation
Risorgimento
the “Resurgence”, movement for unification
Otto von Bismarck
Prime Minister of Prussia, “Iron Chancellor”
Habsburg dynasty
“patchwork empire” that began to unravel in the early 20th century
early 1910s
Balkan Wars result in empire losing almost all European territories
List 3 positive impacts of nationalism
1) can serve as a unifying force 2) can foster a national identity 3) can foster national pride 4) can lead to economic and political independence 5) can strengthen domestic industries 6) can enhance national security
Giuseppe Mazzini
known as the soul of unification (intellectual and emotional foundation
1864
Prussia and Austria defeat Denmark
Emperor Franz Joseph I
agreed to Compromise of 1867, creating a dual monarchy
Young Turks
group of reformers who alienated ethnic groups and weakened unity
List 3 negative impacts of nationalism
1) can lead to exclusionary policies 2) can lead to conflicts 3) can lead to hostility or aggression toward other nations or minority groups 4) can suppress dissent 5) has contributed to World Wars I and II 6) can discourage global cooperation
Camillo di Cavour
the “brain” of unification, formed alliance with France, drove Austria out
Austro-Prussian War
Prussia crushed Austrians and created the North German Confederation
powder keg
ethnic tension, political unrest, small local conflicts
Lawrence of Arabia
encouraged Arab revolt against Ottoman rule during World War I
Mention 2 differences between nationalism and patriotism
1) nationalism implies superiority over others while patriotism is a deep appreciation for one's nation 2) nationalism can be rigid and exclusive while patriotism is inclusive
Giuseppe Garibaldi
the “sword” of unification, led Redshirts (volunteer army) to victory
1870-1871
Franco-Prussian War: Prussia and German states surround Paris and defeat France
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
heir to Austro-Hungarian throne, killed in June 1914 sparking World War I
Allied forces
economy in ruin, occupied by end of World War I
What is Realpolitik?
politics based on practical goals rather than moral ideas
Rome
final step of unification, officially named capital, ended Pope’s power
King Wilhelm
first Kaiser (emperor) of the German Empire
Treaty of Saint Germain
formally broke land into several new independent countries
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
founding father of modern Turkey