Nationalism
Define nationalism.
What is...
a mid- to late nineteenth-century compositional trend that used musical ideas identified with particular nations, regions, or ethnicities
The place Sibelius is from.
What is...
Finland.
The place Bartok is from.
What is...
Hungary
The place Copland is from.
What is...
America
The place Rodrigo is from.
What is...
Spain
The president who adopted the Star Spangled Banner as the National Anthem.
Who is...
Herbert Hoover
The number of symphonies Sibelius wrote.
What is...
Seven (7)
Define folk song.
What is...
dates back to the 18th century
Represent music of the common people; communally composed and passed down orally
Evolved alongside growing sentiments of 19th century nationalism: links to a rustic/idealized past
Copland's day job.
What is...
insurance executive
The event that brought him worldwide fame.
What is...
The world premiere of Concierto de Aranjuez in Barcelona in 1940
The war that inspired the original poem of the Star Spangled Banner, and the name of the man who wrote it.
What is...
War of 1812
Who is...
Francis Scott Key
The length of Sibelius' Finlandia.
What is...
7-9 minutes long
The folk elements utilized in "Allegro Barbaro".
What is...
Pentatonic and Chromatic scale
The original style/genre of Appalachian Spring, and the style/genre it was transformed into.
What is...
Originally ballet
Transformed into an orchestral suite
Four reasons why Concierto de Aranjuez was composed.
What is...
A time in history: 18th- and 19th-century Royal Palace of Aranjuez (courts of Charles IV and Ferdinand VII)
Rodrigo's honeymoon
The miscarriage of their first baby
An awaited return to Spain
The two other ideals (-isms) associated with nationalism.
What is...
Romanticism and Liberalism
The intention of the February Manifesto.
What is...
To restrict Finlandia's freedoms
The differences in each of the following scales.
Major
Minor
Pentatonic
Chromatic
What is...
Major: "happy" - W W H W W W H
Minor: "sad" - W H W W H W W
Pentatonic: a scale consisting of five (5) pitches (scale degrees 1, 2, 3, 5, 6)
Chromatic: a scale made up entirely of half-steps
The composer of "Simple Gifts" and his religion.
What is...
Joseph Brackett Jr.
Shaker religion
The reason Spain was so politically charged around 1940, and the requirements music had to meet in order to be performed.
What is...
The end of the Spanish Civil War, 1939
Any work premiered had to celebrate, pretend to celebrate, or be interpreted as celebrating the current political situation
List the pros and cons of nationalism.
What is...
Pros: it binds people together, celebrates common goals and heritage, creates a sense of solidarity and social pride
Cons: is divisive, reflects and fortifies an "us against them" mentality
Define symphonic poem, name the symphonic poem Sibelius composed, and explain it's importance as a symphonic poem/nationalist piece.
What is...
Symphonic Poem: an orchestral piece of music that tells a story, narrates a poem, or "paints a picture"
Finlandia
Written in response to the February Manifesto, sparked patriotic emotions in the Finnish people
List Bartok's three (3) principal approaches to using folk melodies.
What is...
1. using the actual melodies as a composition, adding accompanying parts
2. creating new melodies in the folk style
3. drawing on folk techniques to create the "atmosphere" of folk music
The nationalist characteristics of his music.
What is...
jazz rhythms and harmonies
authentic folk music
American popular culture
Specifically to Appalachian Spring, "Simple Gifts"
The nationalist characteristics of his music.
What is...
Guitar (singable melody, rhythmic flourishes, strumming figurations)
inspired by the history of Roman Spain and contemporary poets