Haiti
Who made up the majority of Haitian society by the late 18th century (1700s)?
Bonus 50 points: What percentage of the population were they.
Enslaved people from Africa
(Also acceptable: Africans, Black people, slaves)
Bonus: ~88%
Simon Bolivar
Name one of the two leaders of the Mexican nationalist movement?
Bonus 50 points: What were their jobs?
Miguel Hidalgo or Jose Morelos
Bonus: They were priests
How many microstates had Germany been divided into at the Congress of Vienna?
Over 30
What was the name of the event at which Italy and Germany were divided in multiple microstates?
The Congress of Vienna
Name one of the two important leaders of the Haitian Revolution
Toussaint L'Ouverture or Jean-Jacques Dessalines
What was the Casta System?
A system of racial hierarchy, imposed by Spain on its colonies in the Americas.
Where does the name "Mexico" come from?
It is the Nahuatl (Aztec) name for the region
Name both of the important leaders of the German nationalist movement.
Bonus 100 Points: What was each one's job?
Wilhelm I and Otto von Bismarck
Bonus: Wilhelm was the king of Prussia and Bismarck was the Prime Minister of Prussia
Name two of the four leaders of the Italian nationalist movement.
- Giuseppe Garibaldi
- Giuseppe Mazzini
- Victor Emmanuel II
- Camillo di Cavour
When did the Haitian revolution go from being a fight against slavery to full nationalist war for independence and why?
After Napoleon came to power and reinstated slavery, the people of Haiti realized their freedom would never be secure unless they were fully independent of France.
What were the main rankings of the Casta system? (In other words, who was on top, who was second, etc).
1) Peninsulares (Spaniards) - Europeans born and raised in Europe
2) Creoles - Europeans born and raised in the Americas
3) Mestizos - People of mixed Indigenous and European ancestry.
4) Indigenous people
5) Enslaved Africans
What is the significance of painting of the Virgin Mary, "Our Lady of Guadalupe," to Mexican culture?
The painting depicts the mother of Jesus as a Mestizo woman, symbolizing the Mexican identity as a mixture of indigeneity and Catholicism
What were the two most powerful countries in the German Confederation?
Prussia and Austria
The Kingdom of Sardinia
How did the people of Haiti meet and gather to discuss plans for revolution?
Haitians gathered at Voodoo ceremonies, where they formed community and began building bonds of solidarity
Why were the people of South America upset with the mercantilist system?
Bonus 100 points: What is mercantilism?
Mercantilism was an extractive system that made Spain rich while keeping its colonies poor.
Bonus: Mercantilism is a system where countries extract cheap raw materials from their colonies, transform them into finished products, and sell the products back to their colonies for high prices.
How was Mexican nationalism different from Colombian nationalism?
Mexican nationalism was focused on Indigenous/Mestizo identity (the colonized people), while Colombian nationalism was focused on Creole identity (the colonizers).
Why was Wilhelm I so passionate about German nationalism?
Nationalism would benefit Wilhelm by creating a united German nation-state under his rule.
What did nationalists think of as a core aspect of Italian identity?
Connection to/descent from Rome
Why did the people of Haiti go on a killing spree against the French after winning independence?
As nationalists, they wanted Haiti to be a state for Haitians, which they defined as being formerly enslaved Black people.
Who were the main proponents (advocates for) nationalism in Colombia and why?
Creoles were the main proponents of nationalism because they wanted to go from being #2 to #1.
How was Mexican nationalism similar to Haitian nationalism?
Both were focused on the experiences of oppressed people/victims of colonialism, fighting against the White colonizers.
Explain Bismarck's ideas of "realpolitik (pragmatism)" and "Blood and Iron."
Realpolitik (Pragmatism): Rulers should focus on doing what's effective, regardless of what's good/bad or right/wrong.
Blood and Iron: The most pragmatic way of achieving unification would be through war and conquest.
Nationalism led to unification in Germany and Italy while leading to separation (wars for independence) in Latin America