Legislation
A motto that was used to justify forced assimilation
What is "Kill The Indian, Save The Man"?
State that Carlisle Industrial School was located in
State that Sherman Indian High School is located in
What is California?
Upon arriving at boarding schools, Native children often had this part of their appearance cut off immediately
What is hair?
This 1972 law provided federal support for Native-run education and acknowledged cultural differences in learning
What is the Indian Education Act?
Act signed by President Andrew Jackson that forced relocation of Native American tribes to land west of the Mississippi River
What was the Indian Removal Act of 1830?
Founder of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School
Who was Richard Henry Pratt?
This was the original name of Sherman Indian High School when it first opened in 1892
What is Perris Indian School?
Instead of being called by their Native names, students were given these
This 1928 report exposed the poor conditions of Native boarding schools and called for major reforms
What is the Merriam Report?
An act that split tribal land and forced farming to replace traditional Native lifestyles
What was the Dawes Act?
First step in the "civilization process" once students arrived
What is "cutting hair"?
The school was moved to Riverside in 1902 due to this practical issue
What is a lack of water at the original Perris site?
Students were punished for speaking this
What is their Native language?
This form of silent resistance was used by Native students to preserve their languages in secret
What is secretly speaking their Native language?
An act that ended the practice of the U.S. government making treaties with Native American tribes, which meant they were no longer recognized as independent powers (*** Act name AND year needed in answer)
What was the Indian Appropriations Act of 1871?
Term for children who were taken from their homes, sometimes against their will, and transported long distances to the school
What is forced removal?
This U.S. federal department oversaw both schools (Sherman & Carlisle) and shaped their curriculum to emphasize labor over academics
What is the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)?
Respiratory disease that was rampant in boarding schools due to poor ventilation and overcrowding
What is tuberculosis?
One long-term effect of forced assimilation and boarding schools is this type of trauma that continues across generations
What is intergenerational trauma?
Act in 1819 that justified forcing Native American children into boarding schools
What was the Civilization Fund Act?
Year that Carlisle Indian School closed
What is 1918?
Sherman Indian High School participated in this broader 20th-century federal policy goal, which sought to assimilate Native Americans by dismantling tribal structure and self-governance.
What is the Termination Policy?
To keep students from running away, some schools used this punishment or preventative measure, especially during early years
What is confinement?
Although most government-run boarding schools eventually closed, some reopened under this type of leadership, giving Native communities more control
What is tribal or Native leadership/management?