Boarding Schools
Who started the Carlisle Indian School?
Richard Henry Pratt
In what year did the Sand Creek Massacre happen?
1864
In what year was the Dawes Act passed?
1887
What is a "Boarding School"?
A school where kids live and study away from home.
What was one common punishment for kids who spoke Native Languages?
Abuse/Extra Chores/Humiliation
What was the main goal of Indian Boarding Schools?
To erase Native Culture and force assimilation
Who led the U.S. Troops at Sand Creek?
Colonel John Chivington
What did the Dawes Act do to tribal land?
Divided it into small family farms.
What is a "Treaty"?
An agreement between two groups, like the tribes and U.S. Government.
Why did the U.S. want children in boarding schools?
To erase Native identity and force assimilation.
What phrase best shows the philosophy of boarding schools?
"Kill the Indian, Save the Man"
Why is the Sand Creek Massacre remembered as a tragedy?
Unnecessary killing of people.
What was one goal of the Dawes Act?
Assimilation of Native American people
What is a "Reservation"?
Land set aside by the U.S. Government for Native American Tribes
What do Native communities do today to heal from boarding schools?
Revive language/practice traditions/demand recognition
Name two changes Native Children faced at boarding schools
Hair Cuts/Uniforms/New Names/Banning Native Language
Were the Cheyenne & Arapaho ready to fight at Sand Creek?
No, they wanted peace.
What was one big consequence of the Dawes Act?
Native Americans lost millions of acres of land.
What does "assimilation" mean?
Forcing a group to give up its culture and adopt another.
How did the U.S. government's actions at Sand Creek and in boarding schools show its attitude toward Native Americans?
It tried to control them and erase their culture
What is one long-term effect of Indian Boarding Schools?
Loss of culture/History
How did the Cheyenne & Arapaho people feel after Sand Creek?
Fear/anger/grief
How did the Dawes Act change tribal unity?
It broke up communal living and weakened tribes.
What does "Massacre" mean?
When many people are unfairly killed.
What are two long-term effects of the 19th century U.S. policies on Native Americans?
Loss of Land and culture