˚꒰ა People ໒꒱˚
(1788-1812) This woman from the Shoshone tribe assisted with the exploration of the Louisiana Purchase with Lewis and Clark serving as an interpreter and guide, historians believe she is the reason the Lewis and Clark Expedition succeeded
Who was Sacagawea
(1492) What disease brought by the Colombian Exchange terminated 90% of the Native American population?
What is smallpox
(1830) Signed by President Andrew Jackson, this act gave the federal government the power to exchange Native-held land in the east of the Mississippi for land to the west, in the “Indian colonization zone” that the United States had acquired as part of the Louisiana Purchase.
What was the Indian Removal Act
(1675-1676) This resistance took place in southern New England under the chief Metacomet who united many tribes to go against English settlers who were encroaching on Indian land; buildings and villages were burned down on both sides; in the end, colonists overpowered Native Americans
What was King Philip's War/ Metacom’s Rebellion/ First Indian War
(1621) What was the first feast shared between the Wampanoag Native Americans and European settlers at Plymouth Plantation called?
What is Thanksgiving
(1585-1622 ) This person was part of the Patuxet tribe who helped the English settlers of Plymouth Colony (pilgrims) survive in their new home by teaching them how to plant crops (bury dead fish in the soil), fish, and hunt
Who was Squanto
(1831-1850) The term claimed after thousands of Native Americans who lived on millions of acres of land in Georgia, Tennessee, Alabama, North Carolina, and Florida who by the end of the 1930s, the federal government forced them to leave their homelands and walk hundreds of miles to a specially designated “Indian Territory” across the Mississippi River
What was the Trail of Tears
(1887) Passed under Grover Cleveland, an act that removed Indian land from tribal possession, redivided it, and distributed it among individual Indian families which were designed to break tribal mentalities and promote individualism
What was the Dawes Act (General Allotment Act)
(1680) The name of the Native American resistance in the Southwest region to Spanish Catholic Christianity and customs, resulting in Natives burning down churches; sometimes called “the first American Revolution”
What was the Pueblo Revolt/ Pope’s Rebellion
(1869-1890) A religious ceremonial practice believed to reunite the spirits of the dead with those of the living, and the power of these spirits could be harnessed in battle with white settlers and the US Army
What is the Ghost Dance
(1484-1566) A Spanish Dominican priest, wrote directly to the King of Spain, A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies, hoping for new laws to prevent the brutal exploitation of Native Americans
Who was Bartolomé de Las Casas
(1968) This Native American movent was led by Dennis Banks and Russell Means; the purpose was to obtain equal rights for Native Americans; protested at the site of the Wounded Knee massacre
What was American Indian Movement (AIM)
(1934) This act passed by Franklin D. Roosevelt decreased government control over American Indian affairs, encouraging written constitutions, self-government, and a credit program to foster land purchases, education, and tribal organization
What was the Indian Reorganization Act (Indian New Deal or Wheeler-Howard Act)
(1763-1765)Following the Seven Years' War, Pontiac encouraged Ohio Country tribes to unite and rise up against British rule; beginning with the Ottawa attack on Fort Detroit in May
What was Pontiac's Rebellion
What industries did Native Americans start in the 20th century on their reservations? "attacking the white man"
What are gambling casinos
(1831-1890) This person was a Teton Dakota Native American chief who united the Sioux tribes of the American Great Plains against the white settlers taking their tribal land and became a prominent figure in the Battle of Little Bighorn
Who was Sitting Bull
(1700s-1800s) They were the five Native American nations—the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole—that were considered civilized by Anglo-European settlers during the colonial and early federal period because they adopted many of the colonists' customs and had generally good relations
What were the Five Civilized Tribes
(1968) Lyndon B. Johnson helped with this federal law. It says Indian tribal governments cannot pass or enforce laws that violate certain individual rights; it guaranteed Indians the rights granted to other citizens in the Bill of Rights while at the same time recognizing the legitimacy of tribal laws
What was the Indian Civil Rights Act of 1968
(1636-1638) An armed conflict in which the Pequot tribe battled valiantly against Purtains for attempting to start a colony in Connecticut as colonists were attempting to take over their fur trade in the region; ended in 700 Pequot Indians dead and those who survived being sold to captivity
What was the Pequot War
(1887) The name of the outdoor attraction circus-like celebrating life in the West performed all around the nation to crowds often numbering 20,000 people; real Native American performers were recruited from several tribes, and even the famous Sitting Bull toured with the show for one season.
What was Buffalo Bill’s Wild West
(1830-1885) The woman who wrote A Century of Dishonor (1881), a book encompassing the chronological account of the U.S. government's flawed Indian policy and the unfair and cruel treatment of North American Indians by expansionist Americans
Who was Helen Hunt Jackson
(1850s-1887) This system allotted land with designated boundaries to Native American tribes in the West; most land was used communally, rather than owned individually and the U.S. government encouraged and sometimes violently coerced Native Americans to stay on these allotted lands at all times
What was the Reservation System
(1975) This act increased tribal self-determination over the administration of reservations and improved the political, economic, and social conditions of American Indians: privatization was terminated, a policy of tribal self-government was implemented, etc
What was the Indian Self-Determination Act of 1975
(1890) What is the name of the confrontation at Wounded Knee where the US Army 7th Cavalry Regiment indiscriminately slaughtered hundreds of Sioux men, women, and children performing the ghost dance; marking the definitive end of Indian resistance to the encroachments of white settlers
What was the Wounded Knee Massacre
The term given to American Indians who used their tribal language to send secret communications on the battlefield namely in WW2
What are code talkers