The Middle Passage & Slavery
The long boat trip across the ocean that brought enslaved people from Africa to America.
Middle Passage
New American foods like corn and potatoes helped people in Europe in this major way.
giving people new food sources and improving their diets
reason King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella sent Christopher Columbus across the Atlantic Ocean
find a faster water route to Asia
"Friends, we must work together to protect our home. Long ago, our land had plenty of deer and fish. Now, new settlers are cutting down trees and taking our land. Their animals eat our grass and ruin our food. If we do not work together, we will have no food left. We must stand together to save our home." — Narragansett Chief Miantonomo
According to Chief Miantonomo, what was the primary cause of problems for Native Americans.
new settlers taking land, cutting down trees, and changing the environment
"The people here were very friendly to us. They traded items like parrots and cotton thread for our glass beads. They do not have iron or weapons like swords. I think they are smart and could learn our language quickly. They would make good servants, and with just fifty men, we could control them and make them do whatever we want." — Christopher Columbus (1492)
Columbus's overall perspective on Native Americans, based on his 1492 journal entry.
viewing them as friendly and smart, but easily controlled to become servants because they lacked weapons
The conditions for enslaved Africans on ships during the Middle Passage are best described by these three words.
crowded, unsafe, and scary
New goods from European trade unintentionally harmed Native Americans primarily through this factor.
bringing new sicknesses and diseases that made many people ill
The meaning of the exploration goal "God."
spreading Christianity to new lands
"Friends, we must work together to protect our home. Long ago, our land had plenty of deer and fish. Now, new settlers are cutting down trees and taking our land. Their animals eat our grass and ruin our food. If we do not work together, we will have no food left. We must stand together to save our home." — Narragansett Chief Miantonomo
What did Chief Miantonomo urged Native American communities to do in response to new settlers.
work together to protect their land and home
"The people here were very friendly to us. They traded items like parrots and cotton thread for our glass beads. They do not have iron or weapons like swords. I think they are smart and could learn our language quickly. They would make good servants, and with just fifty men, we could control them and make them do whatever we want." — Christopher Columbus (1492)
Two items Columbus noted Native Americans traded in exchange for European glass beads.
parrots and cotton thread
The main reason slavery was so important to European settlers in the Southern colonies.
large numbers of workers needed to farm cash crops (like tobacco, rice, and indigo) on plantations for profit
What happened to the overall population of Native Americans in Mexico after new European settlers arrived?
fewer people lived there due to sickness and fighting (population decreased)
meaning of the exploration goal "Gold."
finding wealth, gold, silver, and valuable resources or trade routes
"Friends, we must work together to protect our home. Long ago, our land had plenty of deer and fish. Now, new settlers are cutting down trees and taking our land. Their animals eat our grass and ruin our food. If we do not work together, we will have no food left. We must stand together to save our home." — Narragansett Chief Miantonomo
Two natural food sources Chief Miantonomo noted were plentiful before settlers arrived.
deer and fish
"The people here were very friendly to us. They traded items like parrots and cotton thread for our glass beads. They do not have iron or weapons like swords. I think they are smart and could learn our language quickly. They would make good servants, and with just fifty men, we could control them and make them do whatever we want." — Christopher Columbus (1492)
The key metal and tool category Columbus noted Native Americans lacked.
iron and weapons (swords)
Spanish document read aloud to Native Americans demanding they accept Spanish rule and convert to Catholicism.
El Requerimiento
Native American communities had many organized parts that made them a complex society, including these three examples.
governments/laws, trade/economies, and traditions/culture (or religion/languages)
meaning of the exploration goal "Glory."
achieving fame, national power, and expanding an empire
"Friends, we must work together to protect our home. Long ago, our land had plenty of deer and fish. Now, new settlers are cutting down trees and taking our land. Their animals eat our grass and ruin our food. If we do not work together, we will have no food left. We must stand together to save our home." — Narragansett Chief Miantonomo
What were settlers' farm animals doing to harm Native American lands.
eating their grass and ruining their food sources
"The people here were very friendly to us. They traded items like parrots and cotton thread for our glass beads. They do not have iron or weapons like swords. I think they are smart and could learn our language quickly. They would make good servants, and with just fifty men, we could control them and make them do whatever we want." — Christopher Columbus (1492)
The trait Columbus noticed about Native Americans that made him think they could learn Spanish quickly.
that they are smart
Columbus believed Native Americans were intelligent and could easily adapt to Spanish rule by quickly learning to do this.
speak Spanish (or learn their language)
difference between a primary source and a secondary source
a primary source is a firsthand account created during the event, while a secondary source is a secondhand account created later by someone who was not there
What were the Spanish were trying to force Native Americans to do by reading El Requerimiento?
submit to the Spanish king/queen and accept the Catholic religion or face war and enslavement
"Friends, we must work together to protect our home. Long ago, our land had plenty of deer and fish. Now, new settlers are cutting down trees and taking our land. Their animals eat our grass and ruin our food. If we do not work together, we will have no food left. We must stand together to save our home." — Narragansett Chief Miantonomo
The outcome Chief Miantonomo warned would happen if Native Americans failed to stand together.
having no food left
When European explorers arrived in the Americas, they brought new plants, animals, and diseases across the ocean while bringing American crops back to Europe. This historical transfer of goods, ideas, and diseases between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres is known by this name.
the Columbian Exchange