Cyclones
What type of water do tropical cyclones need to form over?
warm ocean water
What is molten rock called when it is underground?
magma
What is the most common cause of a tsunami?
underwater earthquake
Name one natural cause of flooding.
Answer: Heavy/prolonged rainfall, cyclones, storm surge, etc.
What THREE things are needed for fire to burn?
Answer: Heat, fuel and oxygen
What is the calm centre of a cyclone called?
the eye
What is magma called once it reaches Earth's surface?
lava
True or false: A tsunami is just one giant wave.
false
Why can cities be more prone to flash flooding?
Answer: Concrete and roads prevent water soaking into the ground.
Which weather conditions create the greatest bushfire danger?
A. Cool, wet and calm
B. Hot, dry and windy
C. Cold and windy
D. Humid and rainy
B
Where are the strongest winds usually found in a cyclone?
A. The eye
B. The eyewall
C. The rainbands
D. Far outside the cyclone
the eyewall
True or false: All volcanoes erupt explosively.
false
If you feel a strong earthquake while standing near the coast, what should you do?
A. Go to the beach to look
B. Wait for an official warning
C. Move quickly to higher ground
D. Get in a car and drive along the coast
C
Which would reduce flood risk?
A. Removing vegetation
B. Building more concrete surfaces
C. Improving drainage
D. Building houses on floodplains
C
Why can eucalyptus forests burn particularly well?
Answer: Eucalyptus leaves/oils are highly flammable.
Why do cyclones usually weaken after moving over land?
they lose their supply of warm ocean water
Most volcanoes are found close to what major geological feature?
tectonic plate boundary
Why can a tsunami become much higher as it approaches the coast?
Answer: The water becomes shallower, slowing the wave and causing it to build in height.
What is a floodplain?
Answer: Low-lying land beside a river that is naturally prone to flooding.
How can strong winds make a bushfire more dangerous?
Answer: They make it spread faster and can carry burning embers ahead of the fire.
2 points: Name TWO hazards caused by a cyclone.
Answer: Strong winds, heavy rain, flooding, storm surge, landslides.
2 points: Explain how a volcanic eruption could have both a short-term and long-term impact.
Example answer: Short term — homes are destroyed. Long term — people may be displaced or farmland/economies may take years to recover.
2 points: Name TWO ways communities can reduce tsunami risk.
Answer: Warning systems, evacuation routes, education/drills, coastal planning, evacuation signs/shelters.
2 points: Give ONE social and ONE economic impact of a major flood.
Answer examples: Social — displacement, injury, loss of homes. Economic — business losses, damaged infrastructure, repair costs.
2 points: What is a controlled burn and why is it used?
Answer: A controlled burn used to reduce fuel such as dry leaves and vegetation, helping reduce the intensity of future bushfires.