Earthquakes
______ is the change in shape of rock due to stress.
Deformation
______ is a funnel shaped pit near the top of the central vent of a volcano.
Crater
The part of the Earth that is molten is the _____.
Outer Core
•Which of the following provides the best evidence that Earth has evolved over time?
• A. seashell fossils in deserts
• B. layers in the atmosphere
• C. locations of glaciers
• D. varying colors of sand grains
• A. seashell fossils in deserts
•Along which type of plate boundary is a rift valley most likely to form?
• A. convergent boundary
• B. divergent boundary
• C. transform boundary
• D. collision boundary
• B. divergent boundary
_______ always travels ahead of other waves.
P Waves
A _____ results when a magma chamber partially empties.
caldera
The part of the Earth on which the tectonic plates move is the _____.
Asthenosphere
A __________is a violently rotating column of air extending from the base of a thunderstorm down to the ground.
tornado
•Along which type of plate boundary is a mountain range most likely to form?
• A. convergent boundary
• B. divergent boundary
• C. transform boundary
• D. conservative boundary
• A. convergent boundary
Seismic waves that shear rock side to side are called ______.
S Waves
_____ is an openings at the surface of the Earth through which volcanic material passes.
Vent
_____ is the process by which new oceanic lithosphere forms as magma rises towards the surface and solidifies.
Sea Floor Spreading
•Which of the following provides the best evidence that Earth's continents were once connected?
• A. the discovery of fossils of single-celled organisms on all continents
• B. the presence of volcanoes and mountains on different continents
• C. the discovery of rocks containing similar minerals on all continents
• D. the presence of similar and identical fossils on separate continents
D. the presence of similar and identical fossils on separate continents
•How do scientists measure an earthquake's magnitude?
• A. by measuring the distance between research stations
• B. by recording the size of tidal waves
• C. by analyzing data from a seismometer
• D. by calculating the total cost of damage in an area
• C. by analyzing data from a seismometer
The last seismic wave to arrive are ______.
Surface Waves
Which type of Volcano results from alternating explosive and nonexplosive eruptions?
Composite Volcano
•One oceanic plate sinks beneath another oceanic plate into Earth's mantle. What landform is most likely to result from this movement of the plates?
• A. rift valley
• B. trench
• C. mountain
• D. delta
• B. trench
A ___________ is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake.
tsunami
•Which best describes surface waves?
• A. the seismic waves that travel the fastest through rock
• B. the seismic waves that contain energy
• C. the seismic waves that travel in all directions
• D. the seismic waves that cause the most damage farther out from the epicenter
• D. the seismic waves that cause the most damage farther out from the epicenter
A weight that is placed on a building to make the building earthquake resistant is called _____.
Mass Damper
______ is the body of molten rock that feeds a volcano.
Magma Chamber
•Two plates grind against each other in opposite directions, causing fractures in the rock. What landform is most likely to result from this movement of the plates?
• A. mountain
• B. fault
• C. rift valley
• D. trench
• B. fault
1906 the ____________ Earthquake was one of the most significant earthquakes in history.
San Francisco
•Which of the following is used to measure the seismic waves from an earthquake?
• A. cathode ray tube
• B. protractor
• C. seismometer
• D. voltmeter
• C. seismometer