Darwin: The Man, The Myth, The Legend
Darwin spent his time as a student studying to become this, at the behest of his father.
What is a doctor?
What is Survival of the Fittest?
Mutations occur randomly, but a beneficial mutation can be one of these, if it improves an organisms fitness.
What is an adaptation?
Selection which favors the organisms with one extreme version of a trait over the average is called this.
What is directional selection?
What makes a species a species?
What is reproductive isolation?
Darwin waited to publish his research for many years, due to his fear of this.
What is the consequences of going against religious doctrine (Loss of reputation, money, respect, etc.)
Natural selection drives this process, which eventually results in all the species we see today.
What is evolution?
Many birds migrate to warmer climates in the winter so they don't have to deal with the challenges of the cold. These organisms benefit from this kind of adaptation.
What is behavioral?
Selection which favors either of the extreme trait values but not the average is called this.
What is disruptive selection?
Tortoises on the Galapagos islands are considered different species, because they cannot swim and will never reach each other to reproduce. What type of isolation is this?
What is geographical isolation?
Darwin sailed on this ship on his trip around the world.
What is the HMS Beagle?
In evolution, fitness is rated based on an organisms ability to do this.
What is reproduce/have a lot of babies?
A frog with webbed feet is a much better swimmer than a frog with non-webbed feet. The webbed feet on a frog are an example of this easily spotted type of adaptation.
What is a structural adaptation?
Selection which favors the average trait value and not the extreme trait values is called this.
What is stabilizing selection?
Three species of orchids grow close in a rainforest. Each species has flowers that only open for a few days and must be pollinated in those days. The flowers do not open at the same time. What type of isolation is this?
What is temporal isolation?
What two species did Darwin observe in the Galapagos Islands that would later inspire his theory of evolution by natural selection?
What are the Finches and the Tortoises?
Organisms which need and fight for the same resources are said to be in this.
What is competition?
Sherpa's utilize oxygen more efficiently than lowlanders do, thanks to an adaptation in their cell processes. What type of mutation is this?
What is a physiological adaptation?
Competition for limited resources, predation, environmental factors, and disease are all capable of causing natural selection to occur, so they can be called this.
What is a selective pressure?
Different species of fireflies use different flashing patterns to attract mates. The females of one species do not recognize the flashing of another species to be mating behavior. What type of isolation is this?
What is behavioral isolation?
Darwin published his theory in a book with this famous title.
What is On the Origin of Species?
Natural selection can only happen if organisms in a population have different reproductive fitness. What random events change fitness in organisms in the same population?
What are random mutations?
Fix this statement:
Organisms choose adaptations that make it easier to survive in their environment. With their adaptations, they are able to have more babies than organisms without those adaptations. They pass those traits on to their offspring and eventually, the whole population has those adaptations.
Organisms don't CHOOSE adaptations. They develop RANDOMLY from mutations.
Women often have complications during labor while giving birth to very large babies, whereas very small babies tend to be underdeveloped. As a result, medium sized babies are the ones that end up surviving to adulthood.
What type of selection is this?
What is stabilizing selection?
This process takes a population of one organism and works over millions of years to produce many populations of many different organisms. It also explains how evolution produced so many different types of organisms on Earth.
What is speciation (Alt: Evolution)