Natural Selection 1
On a volcanic mountain the dark mouse population has increased over time-why?
The hawks eat more light mice than dark mice because they can see the light mice more easily
Which best describes the role of mutations in natural selection?
A mutation may result in a beneficial trait that makes an organism more likely to survive and reproduce and introduced new alleles to the population
The more genetic variation a population has, the more likely it is for some individuals to
Survive
The biological concept stating that individuals best suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.
Natural Selection
Why is competition important for natural selection?
It shows which variations are more successful, allowing the organisms with those variations to survive.
The trees moths used to live on were white, but have been covered in soot from coal factories. Which moth will be more successful in this environment?
Dark Moth
The difference between a moth's wing shape is an example of what?
Variation
What causes variation/influences gene expression?
Your genes and your environment.
The fact that all organisms have DNA as their genetic material is evidence that:
All organisms may have descended from a common ancestor
What is the bottleneck effect?
A natural disaster drastically reduces a population, leaving only a few survivors and decreasing genetic diversity
Fossilized coral reefs, fish, and other warm-water marine creatures have been found in mountainous regions of New England. Which of the following best explains how this could have occurred?
The climate and geology of this area have changed over time.
How, according to natural selection, is the evolution of long necks in giraffes best explained?
Giraffes with longer necks survived because they were better suited to the environment.
Index fossils help scientists estimate the age of a rock because index fossil species only existed for a relatively short time. What happened to the species that are now used as index fossils?
They became extinct.
Who studied organisms in the Galápagos Islands and deleveloped his theory of biological evolution?
Charles Darwin
This occurs when a small group breaks away from a larger population and starts a new one.
Founder Effect
These birds observed by Darwin on the Galápagos Islands had different beak shapes adapted to different food sources.
Galápagos finches
These structures have similar functions but evolved independently in different species.
Analogous Structures
These structures share a common ancestry but may have different functions.
Homologous Structures
What is competition?
An ecological relationship in which multiple organisms of the same species or different species are fighting for the same resources
The preservation of soft tissues, footprints, or bones are examples of this type of evidence for evolution.
Fossil Record
Individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to pass their genes to the next generation; this concept is often summarized by this phrase.
Survival of the Fittest
This occurs when individuals move into or out of a population, introducing new alleles.
Gene Flow
This term describes the complete set of alleles in a population.
Gene Pool
This term describes traits that are no longer useful but were inherited from ancestors.
Vestigial Structures
Natural selection cannot act on traits that are not this.
Heritable