Natural Selection
Name the 3 DNA mutations.
Insertion, deletion, substitution
Fill in the blank: survival of the _____
Fittest
What causes evolution?
Natural selection over generations
True or false: evolution happens quickly and can change in one generation
False
What does common ancestry suggest?
All species, living and extinct, are related
What is an adaptation?
Any inherited characteristic that increases an organisms chance of survival
Which 2 DNA mutations lead to a frameshift mutation? What is a frameshift mutation?
insertion and deletion.
all the bases shift left/right
During early stages of development, dolphin embryos begin to develop hind limbs. By the time the dolphin fetuses are fully developed, the hind limbs have disappeared.
Which statement best explains the early development and then disappearance of hind limbs in dolphins?
the early ancestors of dolphins had hind limbs.
what is evolution?
When a population changes over time to better suit their environment
What are homologous structures? Name an example.
similar structures in different organisms.
ex- human arm, whale flipper, cat paw, bird wing
The concept of gene flow is demonstrated when a cow is driven off from its herd, joins another herd and reproduces. When the cow contributes to the gene pool of the new herd, which of these most likely increases?
A. Natural selection
B. Genetic variation
C. Environmental fitness
D. Reproductive mutations
B. Genetic variation
Common baboons live on the savanna in breeding groups called troops. While females tend to stay with the troop, younger or less dominant males may leave to join a neighboring troop. Which of these is a likely outcome of movement by young males?
A. Gene flow occurs between population
B. Allele frequencies suddenly change.
C. Relative genotypic frequencies reach a constant state.
D. Intermediate phenotypes increase in the species.
A. Gene flow occurs between population
Certain species of the coral-like sea organisms called bryozoans first appeared about 140 million years ago. They remained unchanged for the first 40 million years and then suddenly experienced rapid genetic change.
Which process would BEST account for the pattern of evolution in bryozoans?
punctuated equilibrium.
True or false: Survival of the fittest is which determines which species is the strongest physically
False
In an arctic habitat; are white foxes or grey foxes more likely to survive and why?
White foxes are more likely to survive becase their white coats help them blend into the snow
A new predator of rabbits has been introduced within an ecosystem. This new predator runs faster than the native predators of rabbits. What will most likely occur in the rabbit population due to the introduction of the predator?
Faster rabbits will survive and reproduce increasing the average speed of the rabbit population.
What is the evidence for common ancestry? name two
fossil record, homologous structures, developmental homology, molecular homology.
Fill in the blank: Organisms with traits that _____ their chances of surviving and reproducing in their environment tend to leave more offspring
Increase
Two scientists studied patterns of evolution in the fossil record. Many species they analyzed showed periods of slow changes interrupted by a period of rapid change. This pattern of periods of slow change interrupted by periods of rapid change with few, if any transitional fossils, best describes the theory of —
Punctuated equilibrium.
What is the difference between natural selection and artificial selection?
Natural selection is not changed by humans, artificial selection is controlled by humans to have a specific outcome
In an environment with food that grows on trees; are animals with long legs more likely to survive than animals with short legs and why?
Yes, animals with long legs, necks or any phenotype that makes them taller will be more likely to survive because they have easier access to food.
True or false : populations evolve, not individuals.
True
As part of a wildlife conservation program, researchers take a small population of wolves and relocate them to an island. After several generations, researchers analyze the genomes of the wolves in the population and determine that there is little genetic variation in the population.
Which evolutionary mechanism BEST explains the low level of genetic variation of these wolves?
Founder Effect.
What is a population?
A species that lives and inbreeds within a specific area
Male guppies found in areas without predators are more colorful than the ones found in locations with large predator populations. A population of adult guppies originating from an area with a large number of predators is transferred to a nearby area with few predators.
Which of these is most likely to happen over a few generations? There will be in increase in colorful or non-colorful guppies?
There will be an increase in the number of colorful guppies.