Synthetic
Name a common synthetic disinfectant used in households.
Bleach, spray and wipe, floor cleaner, hand sanitizer
Which natural substance is found in kitchens and can kill some bacteria due to its acidity?
Vinegar
Synthetic disinfectants often destroy this part of the pathogen
cell membrane or wall
How does vinegar kill or inhibit bacterial growth?
Lowering the pH
What type of microorganism causes the flu?
virus
Which synthetic disinfectant is often used in hand sanitizers?
Ethanol or isopropanol
This natural disinfectant draws moisture out of bacteria cells, preventing growth.
Salt
Alcohol-based disinfectants kill bacteria by doing what to proteins?
denaturing proteins
Salt preserves food by doing what to bacterial cells?
dehydrating them through osmosis
Which bacteria is commonly used in lab experiments and found in the intestines and faeces?
E.coli
This synthetic disinfectant is known for being effective against both bacteria and viruses and is commonly used in hospitals.
Chlorine and chlorine compounds
Name two essential oil with known antibacterial properties
tea tree oil
Eucalyptus oil
Which cellular component do quaternary ammonium compounds (quats) disrupt?
cell membrane
Hydrogen peroxide kills microbes by producing what type of damaging molecules?
Using free radicals (ROS)
What type of pathogen causes athlete’s foot?
Fungus
What is a positive of using synthetic disinfectants and what is a limitation?
Advantage - broad spectrum
Disadvantage - Not eco friendly
What type of natural disinfectant is often extracted from citrus fruits and used for surface cleaning, include two examples of where this can be extracted from
Citric acid, oranges, lemon, lime
Name 2 ways that a synthetic disinfectant is effective
Fast-acting
Broad-spectrum
Stable
Customisable
Essential oils often work by damaging what bacterial structure?
the cell membrane
Name a disease caused by bacteria
Tuberculosis, strep throat, cholera
What happens when an alcohol comes into contact with a pathogen?
It disrupts lipid membranes and denatures proteins
Advantage - Eco friendly and sustainable
Disadvantage - less effective than commercial disinfectants
Aldehyde disinfectants work by disrupting what parts of the cell?
Cross-link proteins and nucleic acids, halting replication and cell function
What effect does citric acid have on microbial enzymes?
denatures or inactivates them
Which protozoan parasite causes malaria?
Plasmodium