Air Navigation
What are the types of aerial navigation?
Dead reckoning, visual, electronic
What is the name for the shortest distance between any two points on the earth's surface?
great circle route
If you move from an area of higher pressure to an area with lower pressure, what will happen to the indicated altitude and the aircraft.
Your indicated altitude will show higher, but the aircraft is actually lower.
True: taken from winds aloft charts and forecasts
Magnetic: surface winds received from ATC
What is the primary purpose of a jet log?
What are lines of latitude and how many are great circle routes?
Parallel lines starting at the equator measured from 0 to 90 degrees labeled North or South. Only the equator is a great circle route.
What are the two types of Lambert conformal charts?
ONC and TPC
What is definition of a standard day?
Barometric pressure of 29.92 in/Hg and OAT of 15 degrees Celsius.
What are the three components of a wind triangle?
Air vector, ground vector, and wind vector.
What components do you need to plot your position when using a TACAN/DME?
Radial and Distance.
What are the components of dead reckoning navigation?
position, direction, time, speed
What is the name of the angular difference between true and magnetic north?
magnetic variation
How do you convert true airspeed to groundspeed?
Correct for wind
What is an air vector?
A/C direction and speed represented by true heading and true airspeed.
What airspeed do you use to calculate estimated time enroute (ETE)?
ground speed
What instrument is a backup to the INS?
Standby compass
What is the name of the lines connecting equal points of magnetic variation?
isogonic lines
What is a mach number?
The ratio of the airplanes TAS to the speed of sound.
What is a drift angle and how is it calculated?
The angle the A/C drifts off course and is the difference between true heading and track.
What components are needed to calculate your leg fuel?
ETE and FF
What are the instruments used in dead reckoning navigation?
BDHI, remote gyro vertical compass card, clock, airspeed indicator
What is the equation to determine zulu time/GMT?
GMT(Z) = LMT - (ZD)
If your calibrated altitude is 3000' and your altimeter setting is 30.92, what is your pressure altitude?
2000'
What is the 10% rule and what would your crab angle be if the crosswind component was 15% of the true airspeed?
The 10% rule is a consistent relationship between the crosswind component and true airspeed that holds throughout a range of airspeeds.
Crab angle would be 9 degrees.
What are the four basic navigation updating steps?
1. Plot fix and measure track/distance.
2. Measure updated true course/distance to next turn point.
3. Determine actual in-flight winds.
4. Apply new winds to remaining legs and update ETA and EFR.