Acronyms
What does the acronym DR ABC stand for?
Danger
Response
Airways
Breathing
CPR
What is an incision?
Clean cut / Slash
What are the 4 types of breaks?
Open, Closed, Complicated, Greenstick
How do you treat small cuts and bruises?
Clean them out with clean water (irrigation), dry and dress
What is the difference between a bandage and a dressing?
Bandages go over the dressing and are sometimes used for sprains and anything that is not an open wound.
Dressings go straight on top of the wound and on open wounds.
What does the acronym AED stand for?
Automatic External Defibrillator
What is a puncture?
Stab - embedded objects may stick out
What are the 5 types of burns?
Dry, Wet, Chemical, Electrical, UV
How do you treat a burn?
Run under cold, non-static water and do not bandage. Can wrap with clingfilm.
Where do you place AED pads for a child and an adult?
Adult: one over (victim's) left peck and one under their right peck, slightly to the side
Child: one on the middle of the chest, one on the middle of back
What does the acronym AVPU stand for?
Alert
Verbal
Pressure
Unconscious
What is a laceration?
Unclean cut / Tear
If a burn blisters, what degree of burn is it?
2nd Degree Burn
How do you treat breaks and dislocations?
Breaks - Leave them as they are as to not worsen the pain or the wound. Pad and support it.
Dislocations - Do not pop it back in. Pad / Strap it if possible.
Capillaries - blood trickles out. Small, on the surface, control temperature.
Veins - blood oozes out. Darker blood, lower pressure than arteries, lower than capillaries but closer to the surface than arteries.
Arteries - blood gushes out. Strong red, highest pressure and found on the insides of limbs, in the neck and deeper in the body.
What does the acronym PAPP stand for?
Prevent (further) harm
Alleviate pain
Preserve a life
Promote Recovery
What is an abrasion?
Graze / burn - mainly from falling
What should you not use on a burn and why?
Oils, lotions, creams, moisturisers.
They trap heat in.
How do you treat sprain and strains? (+ Acronym?)
Rest
Ice (not directly on skin)
Compress
Elevate (stop blood pooling)
What are the parts of a Secondary Survey?
Wearing gloves, constantly looking for medical tags and constantly narrating what you are doing:
Go from Top to Toe - Head -> Shoulders -> Pelvis -> Sides of Legs -> Insides of Legs -> Feet
What does the acronym CPR stand for?
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
What is a contusion?
Bruise - may cause internal bleeds
Which layer of the skin does a 3rd degree burn reach?
Hypodermis / Subcutaneous tissue
When can CPR be an issue?
Tracheostomies (laryngectomy) / windpipe opening (stoma)
Air in stomach
Confined space
Broken ribs
Fluid in airways
Chest does not rise
Spinal injury
In CPR, how many compression and rescue breaths do you do to an adult, drowned adult, child and infant? (+ How deep and how fast?)
Adult: 30 compressions, 2 rescue breaths (5-6 cm, both hands)
Drowned: 5 rescue breaths, 30 compressions, 2 rescue breaths (5-6 cm, both hands)
Child: (5 rescue breaths,) 30 compressions, 2 safety breaths (3-4 cm, 1 hand)
Infant: (5 rescue breaths,) 30 compressions, 2 safety breaths (2-3 cm, 2 fingers)
100-120 bpm