Sensational
This sense is the only one that bypasses the thalamus on its initial route to the brain's cortex.
Olfaction/Smell
A relatively lasting change in behavior or knowledge resulting from experience.
Learning
These three processes describe how we acquire, retain, and access memories.
Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval
The mental manipulation of representations of information we encounter in our environment.
Thinking
This Russian physiologist discovered classical conditioning while studying dogs.
Ivan Pavlov
This term describes the minimum amount of stimulation a person can detect 50% of the time.
Absolute Threshold
Learning by watching and imitating others.
Observational Learning
Remembering how to ride a bicycle without consciously thinking through each movement is an example of this type of memory.
Procedural Memory
This organized mental framework helps us interpret and categorize information based on prior experiences.
Schema
This type of learning occurs when behavior changes as a result of its consequences.
Operant Conditioning
These four processes transform stimulation from the environment into a meaningful perceptual experience.
Physical Stimulus
Sensation
Transduction
Perception
This psychologist studied aggressive behavior using an inflatable Bobo doll.
Albert Bandura
This organizational technique involves combining individual pieces of information into larger, meaningful units.
Chunking
Reasoning. Decision-making. Problem solving.
The 3 ways we use thinking.
A child receives extra screen time for completing homework. This operant conditioning consequence increases behavior by adding something desirable.
Positive Reinforcement
This type of processing uses prior knowledge and expectations to interpret incoming sensory information.
Top-down Processing
Reinforcing small steps toward a desired behavior is called this.
Shaping
Following brain surgery, H.M. struggled to form new long-term explicit memories. This condition is called this type of amnesia.
Anterograde Amnesia
This concept describes whether a psychological assessment produces consistent results across repeated measurements.
Reliability
A child who fears all dogs after being frightened by one dog is demonstrating this classical conditioning phenomenon.
Stimulus Generalization
This is a decrease in sensitivity to a constant level of stimulation.
Sensory Adaptation (Habituation)
Using sticker charts or monopoly money to trade in for prizes or privileges in order to reinforce desired behavior.
Token Economy
A process by which immediate memories become lasting through long-term storage.
Consolidation
This tells us that the way information is presented can alter how we perceive it and make decisions about it.
Framing
A teen brings home an A on an exam and their parents tell them that they don't have to do their chores for a week.
Negative Reinforcement