31 - 32
A client who recently experienced a divorce, unemployment, a recent move, and financial difficulties; however, he jokes about his situation and seems relaxed is...
Avoiding true feelings by taking an opposing view - Psychoanalytic Theory - Client exhibits reaction formation - Like a boy bullying a girl he secretly likes
This is a sign of client resistance...
Decreased Self-Disclosure
A respondent obtained a score of 33.00 on a test with a Mean of 36.00 and a Standard Error of Measurement of 3.50... The counselor concludes that there is a 96% chance the score on this test would be between...
Formula: 33 +/- (3.50+3.50) =
26.00 & 40.00
This measures a group of students with a controlled group...
Norm-Referenced
A raw score expressed in standard deviation units is called the...
Z-Score - The Z-Score helps you understand if a student's score is better or worse than the average score in a population
A counseling researcher has designed a study wherein observers in classrooms record students’ behaviors. The researcher is aware that this study must account for a phenomenon known as the...
Hawthorne Effect - People change behaviors when they know they are being watched.
Selecting every twentieth name for a sample is an example of...
Systematic Sampling. For example, selecting every 15th person on a list.
This would define a client's psychopathology as a failure to make meaningful choices in life and a failure to accentuate the positive aspects of their life...
Existential Therapy - Is a type of psychotherapy that focuses on free will, self-determination, and the search for meaning. Rolo May/Irvin Yalom
A counselors in a social service agency working with economically deprived immigrants would focus on the client's most urgent need, which is "Shelter & Food"
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
The primary advantage of using personality inventories as opposed to personal interactions with clients to assess trains and characteristics is...
Efficiency - is a systematic, scientific evaluation of a treatment
This measures a student against a student...
Criterion-Referenced
Having each student score their own test would ____________ a test's standard error of measurement.
Increase - The reliability of the test results decreases if each student scores their own test.
If it becomes necessary to use volunteers in a research study, the resulting research paper should explain how volunteers...
May differ from non-volunteers on critical variables
This is a method that involves dividing a population into subgroups and then taking a random sample from each subgroup.
Stratified Random Sampling
This focuses on a rational view of life events and is a type of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy that helps people identify and challenge unhelpful thoughts.
Rational Emotive Approach - Dr. Albert Ellis
Informing potential group participants of the goals and methods to be used in the group, their qualifications, group schedule, member expectations, and limits of confidentiality is...
Informed Consent
This test is the most accurate, or "Predictive Validity" and is generally considered the most relevant.
Aptitude Test - KBIT IQ Test
A _____________ Skew happens when very few test scores fall on the high end of the score distribution...
Positive
If a student obtained a score of 93 on a test having a standard error or measurement of 4 points... the counselor can correctly determine the student would likely get a score between...
89 - 97
___________________ in an experimental design is the degree to which the conclusions of a study hold true for others beyond the subjects of the specific study.
External Validity
Dividing a sample of adults into subgroups by age, like 18–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, and 60 and above is an example of...
Stratified Sampling
This focuses on unconditional positive regard and self-actualization - also known as client-centered psychotherapy or Rogerian Therapy. It is a type of talk therapy where the client does most of the talking.
Person-Centered Approach - Carl Rogers
Measurement involves the assignment of numbers to attributes of...
This is used to help assign someone to a predetermined category or classification of psychological functioning and occurs within a process known as Diagnosis
A Personality Inventory
In a verbal intelligence test administered in English, it is vital that the respondent have a...
Command of the English Language to perform effectively
When evaluating a test based on response data, it is essential to note the percentage of respondents who answered each item...
Correctly
This percentage is known as the item difficulty index
If 2 or more independent variables simultaneously affect the dependent variable, to some degree what effect has occurred?
Interaction
Selecting a sample of students from those coming out of the library is an example of...
Cluster Sampling
This focuses on constraints to an individual's sphere of activity. The goal is to help clients explore and become aware of how they make sense of the world.
Phenomenological Approach - Edmund Husseri
Uniformity in Administration and Scoring Procedures are...
The defining characteristics of standardized tests.
The usefulness and value of a test developer's norms are primarily contingent upon the population type included in the...
Norm Group or Population Type
Variance determines the differences within the a...
Statistical Group
If a measurement is highly reliable, you can expect it to give _____________ results.
Consistent
A counselor conducts a study in which respondents indicate their attitudes toward counseling by responding to statements. For each item, they select from Strongly Agree, Agree, Undecided, Disagree, or Strongly Disagree is known as...
The Likert Scale.
A professional counselor determines fees for monthly consultation services on a job-by-job basis. This is an example of a...
Variable Ratio Reinforcement Schedule