Concept
Which of the following are examples of social determinants of health? (Select all that apply.)
A. Education level
B. Genetic conditions
C. Access to transportation
D. Housing conditions
E. Blood type
Correct Answers: A, C, D
Rationale: Social determinants include education, transportation, and housing, which influence overall health. Genetic conditions and blood type are biological factors.
Which modifiable lifestyle factors can improve a patient's overall health? (Select all that apply.)
A. Engaging in regular exercise
B. Following a balanced diet
C. Family history of heart disease
D. Stress management techniques
E. Age
✅ Correct Answers: A, B, D
📌 Rationale: Exercise, diet, and stress management are modifiable. Family history and age are non-modifiable.
Question 11
What is a key element of patient-centered care?
A. Providing the same care plan for all patients
B. Ignoring patient preferences if they contradict medical advice
C. Involving the patient in decision-making
D. Making decisions without considering the patient’s input
✅ Correct Answer: C
📌 Rationale: Patient-centered care includes shared decision-making and respect for patient preferences.
Which of the following best describes Whitehead’s Seven Determinants of Health Disparities?
A. It focuses solely on individual behaviors
B. It highlights the role of biological, behavioral, and socioeconomic factors
C. It only considers environmental factors
D. It does not address healthcare access
✅ Correct Answer: B
📌 Rationale: Whitehead’s model includes biological variations, health behaviors, socioeconomic inequalities, and access to healthcare as factors contributing to health disparities.
Which nursing action promotes health equity? (Select all that apply.)
A. Using interpreters for non-English-speaking patients
B. Identifying social determinants affecting patient health
C. Assuming all patients have the same access to healthcare
D. Advocating for policies that improve healthcare access
E. Ignoring cultural differences in care
✅ Correct Answers: A, B, D
📌 Rationale: Promoting health equity involves eliminating barriers, addressing social determinants, and advocating for fair healthcare policies.
A nurse is assessing a patient’s health risks. Which factor is non-modifiable?
A. Smoking habits
B. Income level
C. Age
D. Diet
✅ Correct Answer: C
📌 Rationale: Age is a non-modifiable determinant of health, while smoking, income, and diet can be changed or influenced.
Which behavior puts a patient at higher risk for cardiovascular disease?
A. Low sodium diet
B. Regular physical activity
C. Smoking
D. Annual wellness check-ups
✅ Correct Answer: C
📌 Rationale: Smoking is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
Which healthcare professionals should be included in a multidisciplinary approach to care? (Select all that apply.)
A. Social workers
B. Dietitians
C. Physical therapists
D. Security staff
✅ Correct Answers: A, B, C
📌 Rationale: Social workers, dietitians, and physical therapists contribute to holistic care. Security staff is not part of patient-centered planning.
The Social Ecological Model suggests that health is influenced by factors at which levels? (Select all that apply.)
A. Individual
B. Interpersonal
C. Community
D. Structural
E. None of the above
✅ Correct Answers: A, B, C, D
📌 Rationale: The Social Ecological Model considers multiple layers of influence, from personal behaviors to broader societal structures.
A nurse is caring for a low-income patient with uncontrolled diabetes. What is the best approach?
A. Provide education on affordable, healthy meal options
B. Recommend expensive medical treatments without discussing cost
C. Assume the patient does not care about their health
D. Avoid discussing financial concerns
✅ Correct Answer: A
📌 Rationale: Addressing financial limitations ensures realistic, sustainable health improvements for the patient.
Which determinant of health is directly influenced by public policies and government programs?
A. Genetic predisposition
B. Availability of healthcare services
C. Blood pressure levels
D. Family history of disease
✅ Correct Answer: B
📌 Rationale: Government policies impact healthcare access, while genetic predisposition and family history are not policy-driven.
A nurse is educating a patient on preventative healthcare. Which recommendations should be included? (Select all that apply.)
A. Routine vaccinations
B. Annual screenings for high-risk diseases
C. Waiting until symptoms appear before seeking care
D. Engaging in regular exercise
E. Avoiding all medications
✅ Correct Answers: A, B, D
📌 Rationale: Preventative care includes screenings, vaccinations, and a healthy lifestyle.
A nurse is planning care for a patient facing language barriers. What is the best intervention?
A. Use a professional interpreter
B. Speak louder to help them understand
C. Avoid giving important health information
D. Ask family members to translate medical terms
✅ Correct Answer: A
📌 Rationale: Professional interpreters ensure accurate communication and informed decision-making.
A nurse is working with a patient who refuses medical treatment due to cultural beliefs. What theoretical framework is most applicable in addressing this situation?
A. Structural-Constructivist Model
B. Whitehead’s Seven Determinants
C. Biomedical Model
D. None of the above
✅ Correct Answer: A
📌 Rationale: The Structural-Constructivist Model acknowledges the role of social beliefs and perceptions in influencing health behaviors.
What is an effective strategy for a nurse to advocate for patients experiencing healthcare disparities?
A. Ignoring barriers and following standard care plans
B. Refusing to adjust care based on patient needs
C. Participating in policy development for underserved communities
D. Providing the same education to all patients regardless of literacy level
✅ Correct Answer: C
📌 Rationale: Nurses can advocate for systemic change to reduce healthcare disparities.
A nurse is working in a low-income community clinic. What is the best way to address social determinants of health?
A. Provide education on healthy lifestyle choices
B. Ignore economic barriers when making care recommendations
C. Assume all patients have equal access to healthcare resources
D. Avoid discussing financial concerns with patients
✅ Correct Answer: A
📌 Rationale: Educating patients helps them make informed choices within their circumstances.
A patient with uncontrolled diabetes states, “I know I should eat healthier, but it’s too expensive.” What is the best nursing intervention?
A. Educate the patient on affordable, nutritious food options
B. Ignore the patient’s concern and proceed with teaching
C. Tell the patient to follow the diet plan strictly
D. Refer the patient to a nutritionist only if they ask
✅ Correct Answer: A
📌 Rationale: Providing education tailored to the patient's financial situation promotes adherence to a healthier diet.
Which patient population is most at risk for healthcare disparities?
A. A middle-class patient with private insurance
B. A patient living in a rural area with limited access to healthcare
C. A patient with a strong family support system
D. A healthcare professional with regular preventive care visits
✅ Correct Answer: B
📌 Rationale: Limited healthcare access in rural areas increases the risk of disparities.
The Cultural Competence Model helps nurses:
A. Provide care based on their personal values
B. Address cultural influences on healthcare practices
C. Assume all patients have the same healthcare beliefs
D. Ignore the patient’s cultural background
✅ Correct Answer: B
📌 Rationale: The Cultural Competence Model encourages understanding and respecting cultural differences in healthcare.
A nurse notices that patients in a rural community have limited access to healthcare providers. What intervention is most appropriate?
A. Encourage the use of telehealth services
B. Tell patients to travel to urban hospitals for care
C. Ignore the issue since healthcare access is not the nurse’s responsibility
D. Advise patients to stop seeking medical care
✅ Correct Answer: A
📌 Rationale: Telehealth increases access to medical care for rural populations.
A patient is unable to follow up on a treatment plan due to lack of transportation. Which determinant of health is affecting this patient?
A. Biological
B. Environmental
C. Healthcare access and quality
D. Social
✅ Correct Answer: B
📌 Rationale: Transportation is an environmental determinant of health, impacting access to healthcare.
Question 10
A nurse is assessing a patient’s barriers to engaging in physical activity. What should the nurse consider?
A. Patient’s motivation
B. Availability of safe spaces for exercise
C. Financial constraints
D. All of the above
✅ Correct Answer: D
📌 Rationale: Multiple factors, including motivation, safety, and finances, impact a patient’s ability to exercise.
Question 15
A nurse identifies that a patient has limited access to healthcare services due to financial constraints. What is the best intervention?
A. Ignore financial barriers
B. Provide patient education on free or low-cost healthcare resources
C. Tell the patient to figure it out independently
D. Offer no solutions and continue with standard care
✅ Correct Answer: B
📌 Rationale: Nurses should connect patients to affordable healthcare resources to improve access
Which statement reflects structural barriers that contribute to health disparities?
A. Lack of transportation affects access to care
B. Poor diet choices are due to individual neglect
C. Genetics is the only factor that determines health
D. Personal motivation is the key to avoiding disease
✅ Correct Answer: A
📌 Rationale: Structural barriers, such as transportation, healthcare access, and socioeconomic status, significantly impact health outcomes.
A patient who does not have insurance expresses concerns about affording their medication. What is the nurse’s best response?
A. "You should try to afford it somehow."
B. "I can help you find resources for free or low-cost medication programs."
C. "Just stop taking your medication until you can afford it."
D. "There’s nothing I can do about that."
✅ Correct Answer: B
📌 Rationale: Connecting patients to affordable medication resources improves adherence and health outcomes.