Most accurate measurement of the kidney's ability to dilute and concentrate urine. Measures the number of solute particles in a kilogram of water. Normal value is 200-800mOsm/kg.
What is urine osmolality?
100
Not normally excreted in the urine
What is protein and glucose?
100
Manifestations include azotemia, edema, hematuria, proteinuria
What is acute nephritic syndrome?
100
Caused frequently by the organism E.coli, defined as having a bacteria count as more than 10(5) colonies of bacteria per ml of urine
What is bacteriuria?
100
Most common cancer in men other than nonmelanoma skin cancer
What is prostate cancer?
200
Measures the density of a solution compared to the density of water, which is 1.000. Altered by the presence of blood, protein, casts. Will be elevated in a patient with dehydration. Normal range is 1.010 to 1.025
What is specific gravity
200
Renal dysfunction may produce tenderness over this area.Located at the lower border of the 12th rib and spine
What is costovertebral angle?
200
Caused by hardening of the renal arteries, is most often due to prolonged HTN and DM. Major cause of CKD and ESRD
What is nephrosclerosis?
200
Incidence increases in men as they get older due to prostatic hyperplasia or carcinoma, structures of the urethra and neuropathic bladder
What are UTIs?
200
Most common procedure used to remove hypertrophied portion of the prostate gland, may have a continuous bladder irrigation system in place after.
What is TURP?
300
Will decrease if there is not adequate blood flow through the glomerulus. Many factors can influence including hypotension, decreased oncotic pressure in the blood and increased pressure in the renal tubules. Will decrease with age. Normal value is 125ml/min-200ml/min.
What is GFR?
300
Increased urinary urgency and frequency coupled with decreased urine volumes
What is urinary retention?
300
A type of renal failure characterized by increased glomerular permeability, manifested by massive proteinuria.
What are treatments for kidney and urinary tract stones?
300
Cells within the prostate gland produce this protein that can be measured in the blood, should be done yearly in men along with a digital rectal examination
What is a PSA test?
400
Measures effectiveness of renal function. The end product of muscle energy metabolism. Normal values are 0.6-1.2mg/dL
What is Creatinine?
400
Substance released from the kidneys which converts angiotensin I to angiotensin I
This procedure will divert the urine by implanting the ureter into a 12cm loop of ileum that is led out of the abdominal wall
What is an ileal conduit?
400
Most common cancer diagnosed in men between 15-35 years of age, incidence has doubled within the past 40 years and is one of the most curable solid tumors
What is testicular cancer?
500
Noninvasive procedure that uses sound waves passed into the body through a transducer. Requires a full bladder, and pts should be encouraged to drink fluid before the procedure
What is an ultrasound?
500
This organ regulates electrolyte excretion, regulates acid-base balance and autoregulates blood pressure
What are the kidneys?
500
Marked by a gradual increase in urine output, signaling that glomerular filtration as started to recover, dietary restrictions of protein are lifted and a high caloric diet is encouraged.
What is the diuresis period of ARF?
500
Wound infection, urinary leakage, ureteral obstruction, hyperchloremic acidosis, ileus and gangrene of the stoma
What are complications of an ileal conduit?
500
Symptoms of this condition include fatigue, anorexia, nausea, pelvic discomfort, large residual volumes in the bladder and azotemia