Life & the Scientific method
Life emerges at ..
level of the cell
Evolution
change of populations of species over time
Atoms
the smallest individual units that have the properties of an element
Structural isomers
molecules that have the same molecular formula, but different structures
Meniscus
refers to the curved surface of a liquid in a container
Independent variable
the variable that has an effect on the dependent variable
Natural selection
variation among a population in which individuals with more favorable traits are selected
Subatomic particles
protons, neutrons, and electrons
Macromolecules
proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids
Confounding variables
a variable, other than the independent variable, that may affect the dependent variables
Emergent properties
characteristics gained when an entity at any level plays a role in a organized system
Artificial selection
when a certain thing gets chosen for its many beneficial traits and is bred with others who have those similar traits
Octet rule
states that atoms are most stable when they have eight electrons in their valence shell
Dehydration reactions
produce polymers by joining monomers, forming chains
pH indicator
determines the pH of the solution by changing colors
Three domains of life
Domain Archaea
Domain Eukarya
Domain Bacteria
Homologous structures
features that often have different functions across a species but are structurally similar
*divergent evolution*
Electronegativity determines..
the type of bond and strength of an atom
Hydrolysis
when polymers are broken down into monomers
Function of negative/positive controls
to provide a measure of comparison for the interpretation of results
Seven properties of life
Order, reproduction, growth and development, response to environment, energy processing, regulation, evolutionary adaptations
Convergent evolution
organisms who live in similar conditions evolve similar structures separately
Elements that are most important to life on Earth
Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen
Enzymes are..
chemical reactions needed for cellular work
Benedict's solution
chemical reagent used to detect the presence of sugars that contain free aldehyde or ketone groups