Show:
STH I
STH II
Snail Fever
L.F
Guinea Worm
100
What does STH stand for?
What is Soil Transmitted Helminth
100
Where do STHs tend to reside? (once the person is infected)
What is the intestines
100
What is the clinical name of Snail Fever?
Schistosomiasis
100
What does L.F stand for?
Lymphatic Filariasis (Elephantiasis)
100
Guinea Worm causes what?
Dranculiasis
200
The common age of infected children in developing countries
What is ages 5-11 years old
200
How do STH infections enter the body?
Through contact with infective larvae that live in the soil, via feet or other sites on skin.
200
What is the mode of transmission of Snail fever?
Waterborne and vector borne (snail)
200
What is the vector L.F uses?
Mosquito. Microfilariae- tiny, elongated worms- migrate to the bloodstream where they are ingested by a female mosquito, and passed on to other hosts.
200
How do people get infected by this worm?
Drinking unfiltered water containing infected copepods
300
Number of people with Helminth infections in developing countries
What is ~ 1 billion
300
How are STH infections spread throughout communities?
Helminths lay eggs in intestines, which are passed with human feces into the soil. Contact with infective larvae spread STHs, which then perpetuates the infectious cycle. Inadequate sanitation, promiscuous defecation and use of human feces as fertilizer.
300
Who is at the highest risk of being infected?
Children and adolescents. People in contact with water that contains the parasites.
300
Where do the adult worms live and for how long?
In the lymphatics for 8 years
300
Where do they generally live and how long do they tend to grow?
Generally in the legs and feet. Can grow to almost 1 yard in length.
400
What are some means of controlling or preventing STHs in developing countries?
Poverty reduction, urbanization, anti-helminth drugs, school based deworming
400
What is the general pathway that infected larvae travel through the human body?
Penetrate skin, through the heart, into the lungs up into mouth, through esophagus, down to intestines.
400
Name the drug that is used to control schistosomiasis today?
Praziquantel
400
What are some methods used to reduce infections and the prevalence of the disease?
Anthelmintic drugs such as DEC and ivermectin. Widespread use of those drugs has resulted in the elimination or near elimination of LF in Brazil, China, Egypt, Japan and Taiwan.
400
Where is this disease still endemic?
Sudan and to some extent Ghana
500
Name the infectious agents that make up the Unholy Trinity (common name is fine)
What is Roundworm, Whipworm, Hookworm
500
Name 2 common side effects in children infected with STH
What is physical retardation, impaired mental development, ill health, anemia, malnutrition, in some cases death.
500
In an ancient culture, this disease was referred to as male menstruation.
Ancient Egyptian Culture
500
Why is L.F still considered a neglected tropical disease?
No one really knows about it (not in the mainstream media), it tends to affect neglected areas (poorest countries), it's from ancient times (not a new emerging disease), it doesn't affect that many people, very stigmatizing
500
Describe the life cycle of the Guinea Worm
Adult female produces a blister that ruptures in water, with the release of immature larvae. The larvae are ingested by copepods. Human infection occurs when they ingested the infected copepods.