Early Humans
What do we call people who move from place to place to find food?
Nomads
What is agriculture?
Growing crops and raising animals for food (farming)
Before farming, how did most people get food?
Hunting and Gathering
What happened to many villages as farming spread?
They became bigger
What is a claim?
A statement that answers a question or takes a position
What did hunter-gatherers do to obtain food?
Hunted animals and gathered wild plants
What does domestication mean?
Taming and breeding plants or animals for human use
What is a permanent settlement?
A place where people live for a long time
What does specialization mean?
People focus on different jobs or skills
What is evidence?
Facts or details that support a claim
What is the Neolithic Revolution?
The shift from hunting and gathering to farming
Name one animal early farmers domesticated.
Goats, sheep, cattle, or pigs
What is a food surplus?
Extra food beyond immediate needs
Name one way early farmers changed the environment.
Cleared land, dug irrigation channels, or altered landscapes
What is reasoning?
An explanation of how evidence supports the claim
What is an archaeological artifact?
An object made or used by people in the past
What is irrigation?
A way to bring water to crops
How could food surpluses lead to specialized jobs?
Some people could make tools, trade, or build instead of farming
Why might permanent settlements need rules or leaders?
To organize resources, settle disputes, and coordinate work
Which is stronger evidence: “Farming was important” or “Food surpluses let people take new jobs”? Why?
The food-surplus: it gives a specific effect that supports a claim
Why might early hunter-gatherers move with the seasons?
To follow animals and find seasonal food and water
How did farming change people’s food supply?
It made food production more predictable and could create surpluses
Name one challenge of living in larger permanent settlements.
Disease spread, waste, conflict, or dependence on harvests
Explain one positive AND one negative effect of farming.
Examples: steadier food and larger settlements; disease, hard labor, or crop failure
Make a claim about farming’s most significant effect and support it with two details.
permanent settlements and specialized jobs, etc