Renal Disorders
This childhood syndrome consists of purpuric skin lesions, abdominal pain, hematuria, arthralgias and occasionally intestinal bleeding.
What is Henoch-Schonlein Purpura?
These transmembrane proteins found along different portions of the nephron mediate water transport.
What are Aquaporins
What is spironolactone
These benign neoplasms consisting of vessels, smooth muscle, and fat may be seen in patients with Tuberous Sclerosis
What are Angiomyolipomas
This hematologic condition can be seen in cases of Priapism - a painful, involuntary persistent erection.
What is Sickle Cell Anemia
Chronic Kidney Disease is defined by a persistently diminished GFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73m2 for at least how many months?
what is 3 months.
The macula densa cells are located in this renal structure
What is the distal convoluted tubule
In the class of potassium sparing diuretics, Amiloride and Triamterene exert their effects on which channel in the collecting duct
What are ENAC channels
The most common type of renal cell cancer, this carcinoma arises from the proximal tubular epithelium and usually presents as a solitary unilateral lesion often spreading to the renal vein as it enlarges
What is clear cell carcinoma
Proliferation of stromal and epithelial cells in this zone of the prostate leads to the clinical condition of Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
What is the Transition Zone
This condition known to be the most common cause for nephrotic syndrome in children is characterized histologically by diffuse podocyte effacement and is highly responsive to corticosteroids.
What is Minimal Change Disease?
This hormone synthesized by endothelial cells of the peritubular capillaries in the renal cortex helps regulate red blood cell formation in the bone marrow.
What is erythropoietin (EPO)
A weak diuretic and also used to treat acute mountain sickness, this class of medication exerts its effects in the proximal convoluted tubule causing alkalinization of the urine
What are carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
This is the most common cause of renal artery stenosis
What is atheromatous plaque
The ova of this parasite can deposit in the bladder wall inciting an inflammatory response which can induce progressive mucosal squamous dysplasia leading to bladder cancer.
What is Schistosoma haematobium
This condition characterized by a pattern of linear deposition of immune complexes on immunofluorescence microscopy may present clinically as a crescentic glomerulonephritis along with pulmonary hemorrhage.
What is Goodpasture Syndrome
These 3 structures make up the countercurrent multiplier system of the kidneys.
What are the Loop of Henle, the Vasa Recta, and the Collecting Duct.
This relatively new class of medication exerts its effect in the proximal convoluted tubule causing glucosuria and has widespread clinical application in the treatment of diabetes, chronic kidney disease and heart failure
What are SGLT2 inhibitors
In drug induced interstitial nephritis, the renal interstitium is marked by edema and infiltration by mononuclear cells and this cell type
What are eosinophils
Struvite stones composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate form these large calculi occupying large portions of the renal pelvis
What are Staghorn calculi
Autosomal dominant adult polycystic kidney disease is caused by mutations in genes coding for which membrane protein
What is polycystin
This protein found in the basement membrane of cells is the target for auto-antibodies found in Goodpasture Syndrome
What is type IV collagen
In the class of the most efficacious diuretics, this loop diuretic is the only non-sulfonamide based diuretic making its use ideal in patients with sulfa allergies
What is ethacrynic acid
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) classically manifested by the pentad of fever, neurologic symptoms, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure is caused by inherited or acquired deficiencies of this protein that regulates the function of von Willebrand factor (vWF)
What is ADAMTS13
This urologic emergency characterized by acute, severe testicular pain often in young adolescents would be accompanied by absence of this reflex on physical exam
What is the cremasteric reflex