CNS Regions
Controls higher functions of the brain and is divided into 4 lobes
Cerebrum
Major relay center
Thalamus
A neuron whose cell body is in brainstem or spinal cord and releases Ach on skeletal muscle cells.
Somatic motor neuron
A group of neuronal axons traveling together in the PNS
Nerve
Help form blood-brain barrier, regulate CNS chemical environment, and promote CNS development
Astrocyte
Includes thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus
Diencephalon
Functions in voluntary control of skeletal muscle
Frontal lobe
A neuron whose cell body is located in brainstem or sacral segment of spinal cord, has long axon, and releases Ach
Parasympathetic preganglionic neuron
General regions of the CNS where cell bodies are found
Gray matter
Line brain ventricles and spinal cord central canal and produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Ependymal cells
Functions as a relay center between brain and periphery and mediates simple or complex reflexes
Spinal cord
Functions in processing of visual sensation
Occipital lobe
A neuron whose cell body is located in thoracic or lumbar segments of spinal cord, has short axon, and releases Ach
Sympathetic preganglionic neuron
Group of neuronal cell bodies within the CNS
nucleus
Perform phagocytosis and immune functions in CNS
Microglia
Includes the pons, midbrain, and medulla oblongata
Brainstem
Functions in processing of auditory sensation
Temporal lobe
A neuron whose cell body is located in ganglion close to target organ, has short axon, and releases Ach
Parasympathetic postganglionic neuron
A group of axons within CNS
tract
Form myelin sheath on axons in CNS
Oligodendrocytes
Functions in posture, balance, and some forms of learning
Cerebellum
Processes sensory information
Parietal lobe
A neuron whose cell body is located in ganglion close to spinal cord, has long axon, and releases norepinephrine
Sympathetic postganglionic neuron
Group of neuronal cell bodies outside the CNS
ganglion
Provide physical and chemical support for neurons in ganglia in the PNS
Satellite cells