Function
What does the nervous system do?
Recognizes and coordinates the body’s response to changes in its internal and external environments
____________ acts on areas of the brain to give you feelings of pleasure, satisfaction, and motivation. (Hint: it’s a neurotransmitter.)
Dopamine
________________ is the stalk-like part of the brain that interconnects the cerebrum and diencephalon with the spinal cord.
a. The brainstem b.The node
c. The cerebellum d. The limbic system
a. The brainstem
Step 1: What happens in the first step?
1. Polarization of the neuron's membrane: Sodium is on the outside, and potassium is on the inside.
2. Repolarization: Potassium ions move outside, and sodium ions stay inside the membrane.
1. Polarization of the neuron's membrane: Sodium is on the outside, and potassium is on the inside.
- Slight or mild brain injury
- Bleeding & tearing of nerve fibers happened
- Recovery likely with some memory loss
a. Concussion b. Contusion c. Cerebral edema
Concussion
What are neurons?
Neurons are responsible for sending and receiving neurotransmitters—chemicals that carry information between brain cells.
Neurons with axons that have ______ make up “white matter” in the brain.
Myelin
The section of the nervous system lying outside the brain and spinal cord.
a. Central nervous system (CNS) b. Peripheral nervous system
c. Somatic nervous system (SNS) d. Sympathetic
b. Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Step 2: What’s the second step?
1. Channels open, which creates a new action potential in next neuron
2. An impulse begins when a neuron is stimulated by another neuron or the environment
2. An impulse begins when a neuron is stimulated by another neuron or the environment
Commonly called a stroke
The result of a blocked or ruptured blood vessel supplying a region of the brain
Brain tissue supplied with oxygen from that blood source dies
Loss of some functions or death may result
a. Cerebral edema b.Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
b. Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
What are neurotransmitters?
Neurotransmitters (NTs) are chemical signals of neurons that transmit an impulse across the synapse to another cell
Impulses jump from one ______ to the next.
node
____________, a nerve that contains primarily sensory, or afferent, fibers
a. Interneuron b. Motor neuron
c. Sensory nerves d.Brain nerve
c. Sensory nerves
Step 3: What is the third step?
1. Releasing a neurotransmitter.
2. At the leading edge of the impulse, gates in the sodium channels open allowing positively charged sodium (Na+) ions to flow into the cell membane.
2. At the leading edge of the impulse, gates in the sodium channels open allowing positively charged sodium (Na+) ions to flow into the cell membane.
- Progressive degenerative brain disease
- Mostly seen in the elderly, but may begin in middle age
- Victims experience memory loss, irritability, confusion and ultimately, hallucinations and death
Alzheimer's Disease
What does the limbic system control/ do?
The limbic system is involved in emotion, motivation, arousal, memory, and learning.
The hypothalamus regulates involuntary responses & hormone secretions in the _______ gland.
pituitary
A junction that mediates information transfer from one neuron to the next or from a neuron to an effector cell.
a. Synapse b. Myelin Sheath
c. Dendrites d.Axon Hillock
a. Synapse
Step 4: What is the four step?
1. Repolarization: Potassium ions move outside, and sodium ions stay inside the membrane.
2. At rest, the neuron is not transmitting an impulse
1. Repolarization: Potassium ions move outside, and sodium ions stay inside the membrane.
Is a tendency to have seizures. A seizure is an electrical storm in your brain, typically interfering with consciousness and causing convulsions.
Epilepsy
What is diencephalon?
The diencephalon is involved in many crucial bodily functions, including coordinating with the endocrine system to release hormones, relaying sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex, and regulating circadian rhythms
The cerebellum, also known as the “______ _______” is inferior to and posterior to the cerebral cortex.
"little brain"
The language of the nervous system; by which each neuron communicates with others to process and send messages to the rest of the body
a. Grey matter b. Endorphins
c. Acetylcholine d. Neurotransmitters
d. Neurotransmitters
Step 5: What is the fifth step?
1. Hyperpolarization: More potassium ions are on the outside than there are sodium ions on the inside.
2. Action potential: Sodium ions move inside the membrane.
1. Hyperpolarization: More potassium ions are on the outside than there are sodium ions on the inside.
Brain tumors, which can press on nerves and affect brain function.
Degenerative nerve diseases