Nervous System

Causative Agent

100

Polio is caused by?

Polio Virus 

200

Clostridium tetani? 

Tetanus 

300

The most severe form of Meningitis is caused by?

Bacteria, specifically Neisseria meningitidis. 

400

Which disease is caused by a neurotropic virus? 

Rabies, the Rabies lyssavirus 

500

Prions cause transmissible spongiform encephalopathies like what? 

Human: Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

Animal: mad cow, wasting, scrapie 

Transmission

100

Tetanus?

Endospores enter through puncture wounds.

Ex. stepping on a rusty nail 

200

Zika?

Mosquito bite, Aedes mosquito 

300

Prion disease? (3 possible answers) 

1) Ingestion of contaminated meat

2) Contaminated surgical equipment

3) Rare genetic mutations 

400

Bacterial meningitis? 

Saliva, Respiratory 

500

Rabies is caused by wounds from infected animals. BUT, infection progression depends on the wound _____, _____, and _____. 

Wound location (near or far from brain), severity, and viral inoculation dose. 

Signs/Symptoms

100

Fatigue, Headache, Progressive Muscle Paralysis, Muscle Atrophy 

Polio

200

Photophobia, Fever, Petechiae 

Meningitis 

300

Guillain Barre Syndrome 

Zika in adults 

400

Slurred speech, droopy eye lids, trouble breathing, weak muscles/muscle paralysis  

Botulism 

500

Clenched jaw, continual contraction of arm and leg muscles, arched torso 

Tetanus 

Treat/Prevent

100

Prevent Tetanus? 

Vaccines: DTap and TDap 

200

Prevent or treat Polio? 

Prevent: clean water (fecal, oral route, IPV vaccine, OPV vaccine (not used in USA)

Treat: pain management, physical therapy, ventilation 

300

Diagnose meningitis? 

Spinal tap, cerebrospinal fluid. 

400

Treat Rabies? 

Must get treated before symptoms start.

Rabies Postexposure Prophylaxis (PEP): immune globulin and 2 week vaccine course 

500

Zika? 

No treatment, no vaccine.

Prevention is mosquito control and protective intercourse. 

Random

100

This vascular interface stops pathogens in the blood from entering into the brain. 

Blood-Brain Barrier

200

Children under 1 should not eat raw honey because? 

Raw honey can contain Botulism spores. In adults, our stomach acid and gut flora/microbes are strong enough/plentiful enough to prevent the bacteria from becoming active.

Infants lack these qualities and will get sick.  

300

Cell defense found only in the brain. 

Microglia Cells

400

This neurotoxin is FDA approved for clinical use in decreasing migraines and skin wrinkles. 

Botulinum made by Clostridium botulinum

500

The CNS is immunologically privileged. This means? 

The CNS can and should have short-term/partial immune responses. Chronic inflammation or immune responses will damage the delicate CNS tissue and cells.