Structure
The functional unit of the nervous system whose job it is to transmit information
Neuron
Which neuroglial cell serves an immune function; digest debris, kills bacteria
Microglial cells
What are the "terrible three" diseases of the nervous system
Alzheimer’s
Parkinson’s
Huntington’s
What are the three types of neurons
Sensory
Integrative
Motor
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
31 pairs
What are the three main parts of a neuron
Cell body
Dendrites
Axon
What is the function of an antoagonist
Molecule that blocks the effect that the neurotransmitter normally has on the postsynaptic neuron
Bleeding from ruptured blood vessels after a blow to the head; may result in death
Intracranial hemorrhage
What makes up the central nervous system
Brain and spinal cord
What 4 neurotransmitters are responsible for making you feel good/happy
Endorphins
Oxytocin
Dopamine
Serotonin
Describe the pathway that a neural signal travels
Dendrites->cell body->axon-> axon terminals->synapse->dendrites
What structure acts as a transport system for neurons (just like what endoplasmic reticulum does for a cell)
Chromatophilic substance
If the spinal cord is damaged, and nerve impulses no longer reach the muscles they are designed to, what do we call the condition that results?
Flaccid paralysis
What 3 things are increased when the sympathetic nervous system is in control
Increases heart rate, breathing, and blood flow to muscles
What three substance can easily pass through the blood brain barrier
water, glucose, and essential amino acids
This area of the cerebral white matter is designed to create pathways within each hemisphere of the brain
Association fiber tracts
What structure is responsible for continually forming cerebrospinal fluid from blood
choroid plexus
One-sided paralysis that occurs as a result of blood circulation to an area of the brain being blocked
Hemiplegia
What are the 2 divisions of the peripheral nervous system
Somatic
Autonomic
What are the 3 parts of the brainstem
Pons, medulla oblongata, midbrain
What are the 3 basic regions of the cerebral hemisphere
superficial cortex of gray matter, internal area of white matter, and the basal nuclei
What is the main function of the posterior association area of the cerebral cortex
plays a main role in recognizing patterns and faces
type of low blood pressure resulting from changes in body position
Orthostatic hypotension
What structure allows the left and right hemisphere of the brain to communicate
Corpus Callosum
What neuroglial cell is responsible for connecting blood vessels to neurons; serve as nutrient and ion reservoirs for neurons
Astrocytes