Neurons & Neuroglia
What are the three main parts of a neuron?
Cell body, dendrites, axon
What is the largest part of the brain, divided into two hemispheres?
Cerebrum
Which ANS division is called “fight or flight”?
Sympathetic nervous system
Which structure controls light entry by adjusting pupil size?
Iris
Which part of the ear contains the ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)?
Middle ear
Which glial cells form myelin in the CNS?
Oligodendrocytes
Which lobe of the brain processes vision?
Occipital lobe
Which ANS division increases digestion and urination?
Parasympathetic nervous system
Which part of the eye is transparent and helps focus light?
Cornea
Which structure equalizes pressure between middle ear and pharynx?
Eustachian tube
Which glial cell removes waste and pathogens in the CNS?
Microglia
Name the three meninges from outermost to innermost.
Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
Which neurotransmitter is released by all preganglionic neurons?
Acetylcholine (ACh)
Which structure contains rods and cones for photoreception?
Retina
Which inner ear structure contains the organ of Corti?
Cochlea
Which PNS neuroglial cell surrounds ganglia and regulates chemical environment?
Satellite cells
Which brain structure regulates balance, posture, and motor coordination?
Cerebellum
Which organ receives only sympathetic innervation (no parasympathetic)?
Adrenal medulla (and skin)
What condition is caused by clouding of the lens?
Cataracts
Which structures detect rotational head movement?
Semicircular canals
What is the resting membrane potential of a neuron?
-70 mV
What is the function of the Circle of Willis?
Provides blood supply and collateral circulation to the brain
What reflex helps regulate blood pressure using baroreceptors?
Baroreflex
What condition is caused by damage to the optic nerve due to increased intraocular pressure?
Glaucoma
What part of the vestibular system detects linear acceleration?
Utricle and saccule (otolith organs)