cranial nerves
vagus
10 supplies nerve conduction to most organs in thoracic and abdominal cavities
anencephaly
congenital defect where the portions of the brain did not develop (cerebrum). Child is born missing a portion of the brain, cranium, and scalp, and dies within a few hours of birth
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
condition with muscular weakness and atrophy due to degeneration of motor neurons of the spinal cord
carbidopa
Sinemet, dopaminergic drugs
subdural hematoma
mass of blood forming the dura mater if the meninges are torn by trauma; may exert fatal pressure on the brain if hematoma not drained by surgery
oculomotor
3 motor impulses for eye muscle movement and pupil
Reye’s syndrome
acute encephalopathy and damage to various organs, especially the liver; occurs in children under the age of 15 who have had a viral infection, and associated with taking aspirin
myelomeningocele
congenital condition in which meninges and spinal cord protrude through opening in the vertebral column (spina bifida)
meperidine
Demerol, narcotic analgesic
meningitis
inflammation of the meninges caused by infection; fever, headache, neck stiffness, lethargy, vomiting, irritability, and photophobia
trigeminal
5 carries sensory facial impulses and controls muscles for chewing; branches into eyes, forehead, upper and lower jaw
shaken baby syndrome
caused by violent shaking of infant; symptoms include subdural hematoma, brain swelling, and bleeding in retina of eyes; also called abusive head trauma
poliomyelitis
viral inflammation of gray matter of the spinal cord; results in varying degrees of paralysis; may be mild and reversible or may be severe and permanent
pentobarbital
Nembutal, anesthetic
multiple sclerosis
inflammatory disease in which there is extreme weakness and numbness due to loss of myelin insulation around the nerves and results in hard patches called plaques
glossopharyngeal
9 carries sensory impulses from pharynx (swallowing) and taste on ⅓ of tongue
Parkinson’s disease
chronic disorder with fine tremors, muscular weakness, rigidity, and shuffling gait
spina bifida
congenital defect in walls of the spinal canal in which laminae of the vertebra do not meet or close; may result in meningocele or myelomeningocele
phenobarbital
Nembutal, anticonvulsant
myasthenia gravis
disease with muscular weakness and fatigue due to insufficient neurotransmitter at synapse
abducens
6 controls eyeball muscle to turn eye to side
Alzheimer’s disease
chronic mental disorder of dementia, over age of 65, evolves into progressive disorientation, apathy, speech, disturbances, and a loss of memory
spinal cord injury
damage to the spinal cord as a result of trauma
propofol
Diprivan, anesthetic
Guillain-Barre syndrome
nerves lose their myelin covering; autoimmune reaction; loss of sensation or muscle control staring in legs; symptoms then move toward trunk and may result in paralysis of the diaphragm