Structural
divisions
divisions
which major division of the nervous system consists strictly of the brain and spinal cord?
Central Nervous System (CNS)
what is the single, elongated projection of a neuron that conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body
Axon
A general class of nerve cells provides support and protection but does not conduct active electrical impulses.
Glia
The microscopic, fluid-filled space where electrical impulses are transmitted from one neuron to another.
Synapse
the largest and upper most section of the brain, which features a surface layer of gray matter.
Cerebrum
this nervous system is made up of 12 pairs of cranial nerves, 31 pairs of spinal nerves, plexuses, and peripheral nerves throughout the body
Peripheral nervous system
Branching like projections, which conduct incoming nerve impulses.
Dendrites
these star-shaped glia cells that anchor small blood vessels to neurons
Astrocytes
At rest, a neurons plasma membrane is slightly positive on the outside due to an excess of...
Sodium (Na+)
Located just under the cerebrum, this structure is primarily responsible for coordinating voluntary movements maintaining, balance, and sustaining posture
Cerebellum
what carries impulses from the central nervous system to organs.
Autonomic Nervous System
what type of specialized neuroglia forms the white, fatty insulating myelin sheaths around axons within the CNS
oligodendrocytes
A two-layer structure is formed when astrocyte branches attach to small blood vessels, shielding them from harmful substances.
Blood-brain barrier
A stimulus that triggers the opening of membrane channels, causes an inward rush of Na+ ions that flips the internal charge to positive in the electrical process
depolarization
what part of the brain is often called the "vitals center".
Medulla oblongata
skin surface area is supplied by a singe spinal nerve, which explains why internal visceral pain can radiate to predictable surface areas of the body
dermatome
What is the name of the outer cell membrane of the Schwann cells that plays an essential role in regenerating damaged peripheral axons
Neurilemma
This fluid continually forms from the blood in the choroid plexus, serving to circulate oxygen and nutrients while eliminating wastes from neurons.
Cerebrospinal fluid
this rapid types of impulse conduction occurs when an action potential jumps across the insulated gaps between schwann cells
saltatory conduction
this diencephalon structure acts as a vial regulator for body temperature, water balance, sleep-cycle control, appetite and emotional drives
hypothalamus
The microscopic names given to a bundle of peripheral axons versus a bundle of central axons are a nerve and a tract, respectively.
Nerves (Peripheral Axons) and tracts (Central Axons)
What is not present in the central nervous system, therfore regeneration in the brain and spinal cord is far less
Schwann cells
List the three layers of the meninges in order from the outermost tough layer to the innermost delicate layer sticking to the brain.
Dura mater, Arachnoid membrane, and Pia mater
these are the names given to the specific structural indentations between schwann cells where saltatory jumping takes places
nodes of ranvier
also known as the "emotional brain', this internal network is responsible for producing our emotional experiences and forming long term memories.
the limbic system