Nervous System
The primary cell that builds all the structures of the nervous system
Name all structures of the entire nervous sytem
Brain, Spinal cord, and Nerves
what is the central nervous system made of?
brain and spinal cord
What does the Somatic divison of the nervous system conrol?
Voluntary movement of the body
what is the peripheral system made of?
nerves that branch off from the spinal cord.
what does PNS stand for?
peripheral nervous system
what does CNS stand for?
Central Nervous System
The division of your peripheral nervous system that is made up of the nerves that control involuntary body responses and functions.
Autonomic nervous sysytem
What purpose is the purpose of the Myelin Sheath on an axon?
to speed up nerve impulses
What is the sensory division of the PNS responsible for?
Sending impulses from the senses to the CNS
Two subdivisions of the Autonomic Nervous System--and the function of each
Sympathetic "Fight of Flight" Parasympathetic Division- "rest and digest"
Name FOUR Functional parts of a neuron
1- cell body (soma) 2- dendrites 3- axon 4- myelin sheaths 5- axon terminals 6- nodes of ranvier
What structure functions like a highway and transmits nerve impulses from the body to the brain and from the brain to the body?
The spinal cord
What are the 3 sections of the brain?
The cerebellum, cerebrum and the brain stem
What are the neuroglial cells of the PNS and CNS?
oligo, astrocytes, microglial, ependymal
The central nervous system is made of these organs
brain and spinal cord
What cell sends messages between two neurons?
Neurotransmitters
What are the 3 types of neurons?
Motor (efferent), sensory (afferent) and interneurons
Pick two lobes of the brain and explain their functions.
Temporal: auditory info integration
Occipital: visual info
Frontal: executive function
Parietal: sensory info
What is the name of the space between dendrites and axon terminals?
Synaptic cleft
Name the parts of the brainstem and their functions.
Midbrain- visual and auditory reflexes
Pons- bridge between cerebellum and motor/sensory cortex, coordination
Medulla oblongata- regulates heart rate, reparation rate, and blood pressure
What is the name of the folds of the brain?
Gyri
Quickly explain how an action potential works, specifically how the cell changes throughout the 4 stages.
The axon starts with resting potential where the inside has a negative charge and there are concentration gradients for Na and K. Once an impulse arrives, the Na channels open, allowing the ions to rush in, changing the axon charge to positive. Then the K channels open when the Na ones close. This causes K to rush in, changing the charge back to negative. Finally, the channels close and the Na-K pump restores the gradients by pumping 3 Na out and 2 K in.
What are the functions of the 4 lobes of the brain?
Parietal- sensory cortex, spatial awareness, interprets sensory info
Temporal- receives and interprets auditory info
Occipital- receives and interprets visual info
Frontal- executive functioning: personality, emotions, and decision making, motor cortex
Name the parts of the diencephalon and their functions.
Hypothalamus- controls the pituitary gland, maintains homeostasis
Thalamus- sorts data as it enters the brain
Pituitary gland- master endocrine gland that controls hormones