Medical Terminology
What does the term "encephal/o" refer to in medical terminology?
The brain
What do neurotransmitters do at the synapse?
Allow nerve impulses to travel to the next cell
Which part of the brain is responsible for memory and decision-making?
Cerebrum
A patient showing signs of dementia such as confusion, memory loss, and inability to make decisions may have which disease? Atrophy of brain tissue.
Alzheimer's Disease
A patient suffering from aphasia would likely exhibit
difficulty with speech
What does the term "cerebr/o/vascul/ar" translate to?
pertaining to brain (cerebrum) and vessels.
Which part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for returning vital signs to normal after stress?
Parasympathetic nervous system
What part of the brain controls balance and coordination?
Cerebellum
What condition is characterized by sudden confusion, slurred speech, and facial drooping?
Stroke
These chemicals are needed at the synapse to allow the impulse to move from the neuron to the next cell.
neurotransmitters
What is the medical term for the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord?
Meninges (mening/o)
What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system during a "fight or flight" response? (and give examples)
It increases heart rate, dilates airways, and redirects blood flow to muscles to prepare the body for action
Which part of the brain is essential for controlling vital functions?
Medulla Oblongata
Which disease is described by a shuffling gait, muscle stiffness, and bradykinesia? Degeneration of neurons that links brain structures together and deficiency in dopamine.
Parkinson’s Disease
These nerves do not utilize the spinal cord and are in direct communication with the brain.
Cranial nerves
Which term means "substance fluid in head"?
hydrocephalus
What term would describes difficulty in movement due to demyelination of an axon?
Dyskinesia
What structure connects the brainstem to the cerebrum and cerebellum? (It is like a "bridge")
Pons
What condition is characterized by paralysis on one side of the body, often resulting from a stroke or brain injury
hemiplegia
Describe the pathway of impulse travel through a neuron
What does the medical term "meningocele" refer to?
Herniation of the meninges (outside the spinal canal)
Which type of neurons in the PNS carry signals from the central nervous system to muscles for movement?
Efferent (Motor) Neurons
Which layer of the meninges lies directly against the brain and spinal cord?
Pia mater
What test is most likely ordered for a patient who has had seizures to measure electrical activity in the brain?
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Which type of spina bifida is characterized by herniation of both the spinal cord and meninges.
myelomeningocele