Neurons and Neuroglia
These cells conduct electrical impulses and make up only about 10% of nervous system tissue.
What are neurons?
The resting electrical state of a neuron when the inside is negative compared to the outside.
What is resting potential?
The two main structures of the central nervous system.
What are the brain and the spinal cord?
The largest part of the brain, divided into two hemispheres.
What is the cerebrum?
Sensory nerves are also known by this name.
What are afferent nerves?
These receptors detect light in the eye.
What are photoreceptors?
These support cells insulate, protect, and nourish neurons and make up about 90% of nervous system tissue.
What are neuroglia?
The rapid reversal of charge caused by sodium rushing into the neuron.
Name the meninges from superficial to deep.
What are dura mater, arachnoid membrane, and pia mater?
This lobe controls reasoning, planning, and decision-making.
What is the frontal lobe?
Motor nerves are also known by this name.
What are efferent nerves?
Name the two types of photoreceptors and their main functions.
What are rods (low-light vision) and cones (color vision)?
Name the three neuron types based on number of processes.
What are unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar neurons?
The space between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released.
What is the synaptic cleft?
This fluid cushions the brain and prevents it from contacting the skull.
What is cerebrospinal fluid?
This lobe processes sensory information such as touch and temperature.
What is the parietal lobe?
The involuntary division of the peripheral nervous system.
What is the autonomic nervous system?
This part of the retina provides the sharpest vision.
What is the fovea centralis?
This neuroglial cell wraps around axons in the peripheral nervous system to form the myelin sheath.
What are Schwann cells?
Neurotransmitters cross this structure to continue an impulse to the next neuron.
What is the synapse?
Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by these capillary clusters inside the ventricles.
What are choroid plexuses?
This lobe is responsible for visual processing.
What is the occipital lobe?
This division of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body for fight or flight.
What is the sympathetic division?
These three tiny bones amplify sound vibrations in the middle ear.
What are the ossicles?
These neuroglia circulate cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles.
What are ependymal cells?
This principle states that an action potential either happens fully or not at all.
What is the all-or-none principle?
Cerebrospinal fluid is reabsorbed into the blood through these structures.
What are arachnoid granulations?
This brain structure coordinates movement and muscle memory.
What is the cerebellum?
List the five parts of a reflex arc in correct order.
What are receptor, sensory neuron, integration, motor neuron, and effector?
Smell and taste both rely on this type of sensory receptor.
What are chemoreceptors?